Television Advertisement - 789 Words

Television can be used to demonstrate the product in action, or to use colour and sound to build an atmosphere around the product, thus enhancing its image (Fahy Jobber, 2006). The emphasis for this thesis will be television advertisements, because of the many elements of television, sound, colour, sight and motion that aid the presentation of the message. Also the fact that Brassington and Pettitt (2000) argue that television is better for creating an advertisement message with emotional appeals, contributes to our concentration to television advertisements. The degree of television advertisement standardization/adaptation at the international level refers mainly to the manipulation by the manager of the promotional mix elements†¦show more content†¦Chandra’s et al. (2002) research suggests that cross-market consumer variations may necessitate unique decisions about adaptations in an advertisement’s theme, slogan, idiomatic expressions, symbols and colours. F urthermore, Chandra et al. (2002) state that for a firm to maximize profits fully, it must adapt their advertising campaigns to the needs of its specific international target market. 2.1 Elements in Television Advertising Melewar and Vemmervik (2004) found in their research that the visual and verbal elements of advertising are particularly sensitive to/and are more dependent on cultural differences. They continue with saying that the use of local language, models and scenery increases the probability for the advertisement to be effective. Laroche and Teng (2006) added another element appeal, which will add another dimension to our research and provide a more comprehensive and clear picture of the research area. Appeals Advertising appeals are defined as message designed to motivate customers to make a purchase. (Mueller, 1992) According to Laroche and Teng (2006) the most basic elements associated with advertising are the choice of appeal. Kelley and Turley (1997) state that advertising appeals are commonly categorize into two broad types, rational and emotional appeal. Laroche and Teng (2006) further argue that when culturalShow MoreRelatedSocial Influence of Television Advertisement on Children a Case Study of Selected Primary Schools in Somolu Local Government Area9371 Words   |  38 Pageschange. Today’s children are unique in many ways from previous generations, but perhaps the most influencing on our young children today is Television advertisements.   Today, everywhere we go we see some type of advertisement. A sale at the supermarket or a billboard for a radio station, are two of the many forms of advertisement. Currently, advertisements that target children are very controversial. However, advertising to children does not only bring in funds from the children but more importantlyRead MoreSample Chapter 1 thesis1536 Words   |  7 PagesBut most of the products were advertised on television because of its various senses being practiced. And in that matter the audience will be able to learn and inform more easily. Advertisers use many different techniques to get people to notice there adverts. Some advertisements used the popularity of a person, for example, they tend to hire artist for endorsing products so that viewers will easily fall to grab the said product. Television advertisement has a great impact when it comes to decisionRead MoreAnalysis of 3 Advertisements by a large Financial Products Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Three Advertisements by a large Financial Products/ Services Marketer Date: 28 February, 2014 Prepared For: Shahriar Kabir Assistant Professor, IBA-JU Course Instructor Prepared By: Golam Tarek Hasan Id: 2012-01-045 Jahangir Nagar University Institute of Business Administration WMBA Programme, Spring 2014 FIN 513/MKT 512: Financial Products Marketing Analysis of the Advertisement of Eastern Bank Ltd NRB TVC 2009 At first a past television advertisement of EasternRead MoreAnalysis Of An Advertisement On Advertising1073 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of an Advertisement In people lives, they often see advertisements everywhere. People have different views. Some people think that ads can help them know the new products faster, and also they will provide more information about the new products for audiences. Consumers will choose things well by comparing the products. It’s very convenient for audiences. However, some people don t support ads. Because there are too many ads and they may make people feel bored and unhappy. Some adsRead MoreThe Topic Of Advertising And How It Affects Young Children1756 Words   |  8 Pagesyoung children. Advertising of all types, including television commercials are large part of everyday life. Through commercials and other advertising, agencies and companies introduce their product or services to people of all ages, including young children. Many people do not realize these advertisements truly have a profound effect on the development of young children. Advertisers understand that reaching children thr ough these advertisements will increase their profits dramatically and do soRead MoreReality Vs. Fantasy : Today s Modern World1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthat portrays older people than young on their ads. The magazine advertisement that I chose called Burberry London portrays young couples with the newest clothing trends. These couples both looked very classy, charming, romantic, calm, and bold with different personalities. Burberry London product line features interactive models/celebrities, perfumes, bags and many other brands/accessories. Due to ads that are shown on television, people, especially young adults are more likely to buy whatever isRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1533 Words   |  7 Pagesthis. Microsoft’s â€Å"Empowering† advertisement is a short minute long television advertisement released in 2014, that attempts to demonstrate the importance of technology in today’s society and displays their initiative, as a leading technologi cal company, of â€Å"empowering us all† in today’s society. â€Å"Empowering† was released in early 2014, during the Super Bowl, as a part of Microsoft’s â€Å"#Empowering† campaign in mainly United States and across the world. The advertisement was praised as a successful adRead MoreRhetorical Analysis- Snuggie715 Words   |  3 PagesMotivated Sequence The Snuggie is a soft, cozy, one piece blanket with sleeves that is available in 3 different colors. Awareness of this product is now worldwide due to its widely spread television commercials and advertisements. The Snuggie commercial is not one of the favored commercials in television today. It does not contain much to gain the attention of the viewer as most commercials do however after analyzing the commercial one might come to find that it is organized according to Monroe’sRead MoreImpact of Global and Local Media Advertisement on Children2533 Words   |  11 PagesIMPACT OF GLOBAL AND LOCAL MEDIA ADVERTISEMENT ON CHILDREN Submitted by: S.BHAVANA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION ACHARIYA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE VILLIANUR, PUDUCHERRY 9976228555 sbhavana.bala@gmail.com Submitted To: Professor. Govindaraju Head of the Department Department of Communication Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Tirunelveli - 627 012 E-mail ID : actconference2012@gmail.com Submitted for: (ACT-TNP Annual Conference on GlobalisationRead More TV Advertising Essay1232 Words   |  5 Pagesexpense of television, everyone is influenced by advertising. One of the most powerful forms of advertising is in the advent of television. Since its inception, advertisers have viewed television as their most powerful tool. Television provides an excellent avenue for companies to sell and promote their products. There are fewer and fewer people living today who were around when television was not. Todays generation was raised entirely on television! Since the 1940s, television has been an

Immigration Interview [Edu 280 Artifact 2]. The United

Immigration Interview [EDU 280 Artifact 2] The United States of America was a country founded by immigrants on the values of equality and freedom and the idea of a fresh start. Only American Indians are truly native to this country and the rest of us have some history of immigration in our ancestry. So what about today’s immigrants? Most people immigrate to the United States searching for simply searching for a better life. Immigration seems like it should be a simple and organized process, but many people who try to immigrate to the United States find that the process is not so simple. To better understand the immigration process, I have interviewed a friend who immigrated to the United States as a small child and now faces the†¦show more content†¦Jose’s father had always mainly worked construction jobs with other undocumented immigrants and Jose joined his father’s line of work because there were not many jobs available to him and he felt obligated t o contribute to the family, â€Å"A second feature of the Hispanic American family is the emphasis on cooperativeness and on placing the needs of the family ahead of individual concerns† (Manning Baruth, 2009, p.170). Jose dreamed of going to college and pursuing art or graphic design but even these simple goals were out of reach for him because of his undocumented status. What was the country of origin, language, culture and way of life there? As I mentioned earlier, Jose was born in Nueva Rosita, Mexico but grew up here in the United States. He does still have some extended family in Mexico along with aunts, uncles, and cousins here in Las Vegas. Jose considers Las Vegas his hometown but acknowledges the effects of his Mexican culture and heritage in his family. Jose’s family speak Spanish at home and his parents’ only language is Spanish. Jose and his sisters are bilingual and prefer to speak English when they are not at home. Jose and his siblings often have to help their parents with forms or appointments where English is required and have often acted as translators, even when they were younger. Jose did explain that he initially had trouble in school because when he started Kindergarten

Crisis Action Plan free essay sample

When it is determined that if any event should become disastrous to the citizens of and visitors to the City of Fort Worth, TX, the Chief of Police should order the Crisis Response Plan to be put into operation. The Fort Worth Police Department’s Crisis Response Plan is designed to institute policies and procedures for a reaction to any emergency or crisis. While it is understood that no plan can prepare for every unknown contingency, the Crisis Response Plan provides a framework from which to respond and overcome the crisis or emergency. Purpose The Crisis Response Plan is designed to efficiently manage the assets and resources of the Fort Worth Police Department to protect the lives and property of visitors, citizens, officers, and staff. The Crisis Response Plan concisely delineates the command structure and coordinates communication within the Department, with the Fort Worth Fire Department, City of Fort Worth, Tarrant County, the public via the various forms of media, and with neighboring police departments. The Crisis Response Plan includes the procedures for the rapid identification of potentially dangerous conditions and the methods for reporting and responding to these emergencies quickly calmly, and effectively. Applicability The Crisis Response Plan should effect : * All officers, Regular and Reserve, * FWPD staff, and * Civilians employed or utilized by FWPD. Policy The Crisis Response Plan cannot provide specific information and actions for every possible emergency. It should provide a framework from which all participants can be guided in their efforts. It is understood that on-the-spot decisions should be made by trained professionals, both sworn and civilian, and such decisions should be supported by the Crisis Action Management Team. Objectives The Crisis Response Plan is designed to be executed in times of emergency and crisis. It should be executed to accomplish the following priorities: * Protect the citizens of and visitors to the City of Fort Worth, TX, from harm. * Protect the property of the City of Fort Worth, both governmental and private. * Communicate effectively and truthfully to: The public, either directly or through the media, * Management of the City of Fort Worth, * Management of the County of Tarrant. The officers, supervisors, and staff of the Fort Worth Police Department, and * All members of the inter-organizational network. * Respond to activation of the Operation Partnership Emergency Network (OPEN). Assumptions Since a crisis may arise at any time, given the complexity of Fort Worth city boundaries and its large and growing population, all possible and potential crises must be considered. Each Command should create and maintain a â€Å"living† Crisis Response Plan from Crisis Response Plans submitted by their Divisions. The Crisis Response Plan for the Fort Worth Police Department should be maintained by the Chief of Staff and should be comprised of the Crisis Response Plans submitted by each Division and Command. The Fort Worth Crisis Response Plan should contain a set of operational guidelines as a foundation for addressing crises for which there has been planning and training and crises that were unforeseen. Organization The organization of the Crisis Management team is listed in Appendices A and B, and the organization chart of the Fort Worth Police Department is listed in Appendix E. It is delineated by job title in order to accommodate future changes in the chain of command. Each member should appoint a â€Å"second† to take their place in case of unavailability for whatever reason. All staff members, and their seconds, should be required to attend all Crisis Response Plan staff planning meetings. 2. Critical Organizational Functions Normal radio patrol of the city must be maintained to the extent that the crisis allows. External and internal communications, including radio, cell phone, and computer communications must be maintained at normal levels and staffing increased as necessary to handle calls from citizens. Traffic operations may be overloaded, therefore off duty radio patrol officers and reserve officers should be used to the extent necessary to meet the crisis. No consideration of overtime or budget constraints should be given during the life of the crisis. Department personnel protection is to be maintained at all times to ensure the safety and health of all officers and staff, and their family members in case of a terrorist attack. Therefore, the patrol and traffic computer terminals should have access to addresses of all officers in their district. Access should be activated by authority of the crisis management team. During a crisis, the Emergency Preparedness/Incident Command (EPIC) team should provide rest, rehabilitation, and hydration for all officers and civilians responding to and participating in the incident. This is especially needed due to the climate of our city and for the maintenance of diligence and awareness of each officer. A rested and comfortable person can better respond to meet the needs demanded by the crisis. Planning Scenarios In the event of any disaster, all members of the Crisis Management team should assemble at the Tactical Operations Center (TOC) in the Fort Worth Police Department (FWPD) Headquarters. They should be notified by FWPD dispatchers via land line, cell phone, and email. Any member that cannot be reached within fifteen (15) minutes should have a radio patrol unit dispatched to his home address for notification. The backup TOC should be located at the FWPD training academy. All mobile command posts should have the capability to act as a TOC if the primary and secondary TOCs become untenable. The chain of command of the FWPD should be observed in the absence of, or lack of communication with, any supervisor. The Crisis Response Plan should be tested under challenging and genuine simulated circumstances. The testing should involve all members of the inter-organizational network and an after-incident report should be made by each member. From those reports, any necessary amendment(s) to the Crisis Response Plan should be initiated. A. Natural Disasters Natural disasters such as flooding, ice, straight-line winds, and tornadoes should be handled pursuant to the Tarrant County Natural Crisis Response Plan. The duties of the Fort Worth Police Department should mainly be maintenance of public order, traffic direction, and protection of Fire Department, EMS, Emergency Management personnel, and visitors amp; citizens of the City of Fort Worth. To that end, each Deputy Chief, or his designate, should be on duty until the disaster is abated. The Chief of Police is a member of the Tarrant County and City of Fort Worth Crisis Management teams. He, or his designate, should be on duty until the disaster is abated. The Fort Worth Police Department is a support organization for all disaster responders with the main objectives of ensuring public order, optimizing traffic flow, and protection of the responder organizations. Man-made Disasters In the event of terrorist attack or an active shooter, the Fort Worth Police Department should be first responders within the city limits. Upon arrival of the Department of Public Safety (DPS) or Federal law enforcement authorities, all assets and resources of the Fort Worth Police Department should be made unequivocally available to the supervision of DPS and/or Federal law enforcement authorities. In the event of a suspected terrorist attack, the main duty of the Fort Worth Police department is to protect the visitors and citizens of the City of Fort Worth. The Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team should be immediately activated and prepare to engage any identified terrorists. The investigative team for terrorism, in conjunction with the Fort Worth Fire Department (FWFD) arson and bomb squad, should be activated, briefed, and deployed to gather evidence and determine the perpetrators of the terrorist act. The SWAT team has the lead in any active shooter incident. The Deputy Chiefs, Captains, or their designates, should be on duty and actively involved with an active shooter incident. Radio patrol should be tasked with the evacuation and protection of visitors and citizens at the incident location. Radio patrol should act under the supervision of the SWAT team commander. Traffic units should secure a first perimeter, under the direction of EPIC, of three (3) square blocks and a second perimeter of six (6) square blocks within which no person should be allowed to enter or leave. The traffic division should close all entrances to the city via the main arteries including freeway off ramps. If the incident occurs in an area that includes a main artery or freeway, all traffic should be diverted to city streets and directed away from the incident. The FWPD, partnering with the FWFD, should establish at least two (2) safe and secure havens for civilian within the initial perimeter as determined by EPIC. Each haven should be protected by a minimum of six (6) FWPD officers. FWPD reserve officers may be called upon to perform this duty. All communications with the media should be handled by the spokesman for the City of Fort Worth. No statements are to be made by any member of the FWPD or the FWFD. All requests for information and comments should be directed to the spokesperson at 817-555-0001. The City of Fort Worth and the FWPD should have established, and manned, a crisis hotline which should only answer questions as to evacuation when such action is deemed necessary. The public should be advised that the city has the incident under control and direct the caller not to attempt to travel to the incident location. Fictitious Disasters The City of Fort Worth, the FWFD, and the FWPD have brainstormed a scenario in which the Dow Chemical Company, located at 3300 Bolt St. , Ft. Worth, TX, 76110, became involved in a fire. The chemical gases born in the smoke would be a severe health hazard within a five (5) square mile area, and depending upon the prevailing winds, could spread seven (miles) in any direction within three (3) hours. The FWFD should have the incident supervision authority and the FWPD should be responsible for protection of the fire fighters, traffic control, and evacuation of the populace within the immediate area (10 square blocks). A ten (10) square block initial perimeter should be established immediately, allowing no entry except for first responders. After one hour, and before the second hour, if the fire is not under control, a second perimeter should be established over a twenty (20) square block area and all civilian should be evacuated beyond the second perimeter boundary. Any further boundary should be determined by the FWFD after taking prevailing winds into consideration. The FWPD reserve component should be put on alert when the initial perimeter is established and will operate under the direction of EPIC. Immediately upon the decision to establish the second perimeter, the reserve component should be called into action. Their task should be to man and enforce the second perimeter, allowing only first responders entrance therein. They should be directly under the supervision of the patrol division supervisors assigned to the incident All communications with the media should be handled by the spokesman for the City of Fort Worth. No statements are to be made by any member of the FWPD. All requests for information and comments should be directed to the spokesperson at 817-555-0001. The City of Fort Worth should have established, and manned, a crisis hotline which should only answer questions as to evacuation when such action is deemed necessary. The public should be advised that the city has the incident under control and direct the caller not to attempt to travel to the incident location. All requests for comments should be referred to the spokesman for the City of Fort Worth. The City of Fort Worth Crisis Management team should monitor the incident, and upon making the decision to evacuate the affected neighborhood(s), notify the designated media outlets. A brief, concise warning should be given the media which should be broadcast, unedited, to the public. Should blame of any kind be leveled toward the City of Fort Worth or the FWPD, the information should be communicated to the spokesman for the City of Fort Worth and the Chief the FWPD through the chain of command. Any request for comments should be directed to the spokesman and no interviews should be given in the field or at any location, by any person, except the city’s spokesman. 1. Contingency Phases Pre-crisis Phase Officers on duty should practice the observance of possible triggers or prodromes which may indicate the beginning of a possible incident or crisis. Supervisors should be contacted immediately for confirmation and notification. Officers should continue to observe and report until supervision gives alternate direction. Training with OPEN, Community Emergency Response Team (CERT), Fort Worth-Tarrant Country Emergency Management, and the Fort Worth Fire Department Response Phase * Follow the Crisis Response Plan as closely as possible with the protection of lives and property governing total adherence. * Move with alacrity and purpose. * Handle each incident professionally with a sense of direction. Respond calmly in order to set an example for the citizenry. * Use good decision making skills based upon training and experience when confronted by an issue not covered in the Crisis Response Plan, keeping in mind the first objective of the response phase noted above. Recovery Phase * After-incident report by each team will be made by each Division Commander to the correspondent Deputy Chief. * Rest and rehabilitation of responders will be the responsibility of the Rehabilitation and Hydration Team of the FWPD Emergency Preparedness/Incident Command (EPIC). The Division Commanders should establish normalcy in the area(s) affected at the earliest possible moment after the order of passing crisis is given. * Restore and increase the confidence of the visitors and citizens of the City of Fort Worth by assuring them the crisis has passed and what steps they should take to resume normal activity in their area of residence or work place. The Crisis Response Plan for each level of the FWPD should be upgraded and presented to the Crisis Management Team. The Crisis Management Team should amend the Crisis Response Plan to address deficiencies and learned activities. * The Crisis Management Team should task organizational and inter-organizations re-training in the areas amended in the Crisis Response Plan. * The Crisis Management Team should begin brainstorming future crisis possibilities with the inter-organizational network with an eye toward the unthinkable. Processes and Procedures All stakeholders should plan for a worst case scenario and investigate crises experienced by other organizations outside of our immediate area of responsibility. These plans should be presented at the annual crisis management meeting for possible adoption into the current Crisis Response Plan along with the amendments necessitated by findings of the after-incident reports from inter-organizational training scenarios. Training, both departmental and inter-organizational Gaming, both departmental and inter-organizational Scenarios, both departmental and inter-organizational Communications should establish modes of communication and develop procedures and protocols with the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) in Tarrant County and designate a liaison team working in partnership with RACES.

Research Methodology Concepts for Accounts- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theResearch Methodology Concepts for Accounts and Forms. Answer: Introduction In the world of computing, there are various interventions that are coming up to have systems put in place. The systems that are designed aims at providing a particular solution to real-world issues. To ensure that the systems designed to meet the intended purpose, there is need to conduct a feasibility study which aims at gathering information that will be of importance to come up with a comprehensive technology (Fraenkel Wallen, 2003). In the course of the feasibility study, the various stakeholders who affect the functionality of the systems either directly or indirectly are analyzed since they determine the extent of success. Gathering of information involves a research since this acts as a foundation for future steps that will take place. To have a reliable system in the future, proper research design should be incorporated as this will give the guidelines that will be followed in the implementation process. Also, in the gathering of data and information regarding a project, a proper methodology is required. The advantages and disadvantages using particular methods should be critically analyzed to ensure that the one that suits best is utilized (Harrington, et al. 2008). In the course of this paper, the focus will be geared towards examining various methodologies that are used in research design for data collecting giving the pros and cons of each and their applicability in the field of Information Technology. Requirements of research design Before commencing a research activity, it is important to have an outline of what is required to ensure some boundaries have been set to avoid too much analysis as well as well as reduce chances of failure. It is important to come up with research questions. The research questions define the scope of the study as the researcher will be answering the set priorities in an orderly manner. The research questions are grouped in such a way that they are related regarding topics. In every subcategory of the research study, the approaches that are applicable are listed, and each analyzed differently, and the one that suits best is picked. Also in a particular subcategory, data collection methods are listed and analyzed differently to ensure that the best and most appropriate is picked. After the data has been collected using a particular method, it is mandatory that it is analyzed. Data analysis methods are brought on board, and the most appropriate and applicable is picked. As mentioned earlier, research design is similar to a plan that will be used to a later date when the actual research will be carried out. It is important to include in the research design the various types of data that will consider essential as well as their sources. In should be understood that the data types and sources are in custody of a third party and, therefore, there is a need for the researcher to know how the various sources of information will be accessed without infringing the rights of the owner. Questions regarding the owner's availability, datasets that exist, biographical accounts, form, and formality should be discussed. In addition, in research design, a researcher should have a crew of what the expectations look like as this helps in gauging the appropriateness of the planning process. A researcher should know the form in which the results will take to avoid uncertainty. It is also important in the research design process to consider the time frame of each of the activities. Every research work is associated with a particular time frame, and this dictates the duration required before a fully functional system is completed. In this context, the time frame discussed is not the actual time to be taken but just an estimate. There are various tools such as Gantt Charts among others that are used in the representation of activities regarding time. It helps a researcher to have an overview of what is required through the weighing of the intensity of activity. The deadline which is given by the client of the system determines the time allocation of each activity. On the other hand, after knowing the time and the intensity of each activity of the project, a researcher can estimate the number of individuals who will be deployed to complete a given task. Also, through allocating time to particular activities, issues too with prioritization are easily achieved. In a carrying out research, some activities are run simultaneous and thus drawing a critical path to the activities is required. Methods of data collection Before deciding on the method of information gathering, it is advisable for the researcher to investigate whether qualitative or quantitative approaches should be taken. The approach in this context implies something more than the type of the data to be used. An approach simply means the orientation and claim types made during a particular study. Research projects can either use quantitative or qualitative data or even both, but this depends on the abilities, preferences and the suitability of a particular approach to the given topic (Onwuegbuzie Leech, 2005). In particular, qualitative data is useful when a researcher wants to discover how particular forms that are common affects a group of people. A good example when qualitative data is used to formulate a research is when studying how a particular element such as drug abuse affects a given age group. On the hand, quantitative data is applicable when the study wants to investigate why a certain group of people gets involved in an unusual behavior. There are several things that have to be put into consideration before settling on either qualitative or quantitative analysis. First, the researcher should consider the philosophical approach that is most preferable (Galliers Land, 1987). The mostly used philosophical approaches are phenomenologist, realist, and constructionist. Secondly, a researcher should consider the abilities and skills one has regarding the data collection and analysis. When an individual is well versed in quantitative data usage, it is advisable that he or she follows that route for convenience and accuracy. Finally, the topic of interest determines the approach that is used. From the framing of the research questions and the responses expected, a researcher can predict the most appropriate analysis to be used. After prior planning of the research activity, data collection comes next to help gather information that will help to generate the required outcome. Before deciding on a particular method of data collection, the research has to consider if the research is inductive or deductive. In a deductive nature of research, there are theories that are involved, and each of them needs to be tested. In a deductive research, particular theories have to be tested through hypothesis development and an experimental design have to be created (Knowles Cole, 2008). It may use either quantitative or qualitative data or a combination of both to set up the experiments. On the hand, if research is deductive, it starts with an existing theory and a hypothesis is tested, for example, background of a social class and the privileges associated. Research shows that for a deductive research to be successful, there is a combination of both inductive and deductive elements considered. Literature-based method of data collection In the literature based method of data correction, a researcher mainly depends on already researched to come up with a conclusion of the matter. In the literature-based research, theoretical analysis is most applicable. In the theoretical analysis, a comparison is made of the existing theories regarding a topic which ends up having a particular pattern of behavior. When a particular pattern has been arrived at, the researcher is tasked with the responsibility of analyzing if the combination can be applicable in arriving at the desired and expected solution. For a literature-based research to effective, there must be prior research that has been conducted and conclusions are given leaving room for further study where continuation is done. Advantages and disadvantages of literature-based research Literature-based research has its advantages as well as disadvantages. One of the advantages is authenticity. A literature-based approach is authentic in that evidence such as textbooks and among other programs can be used for future reference when the need arises. Through authenticity, researchers are subjected to various cultures and social structures were similar incidences once happened (Zivkovic, 2012). Through subjection to various cultures and theoretical frameworks, a researcher can make comprehensive conclusions. Another advantage is that it gives the researcher high level of thinking skills. Research distributed by the International Reading Association and the National Reading Conference found that researchers who were perused to performed better on trial of vocabulary and perception. General perception comes through restating outcomes as well as expanding research through blending. Literature-based research also has disadvantages. A few factors in the literature based perusing guideline can adversely influence student learning and development. In an assorted classroom, it might be hard to discover books that all research can identify with in the meantime, especially in classes where all courses are perused to at the same time (Jonassen, 2004). Utilizing one book for a whole class presents challenges as more unpredictable stories may be troublesome for all students to get it. Furthermore, with differing levels of vocabulary and appreciation capacities in a single classroom, it might be hard to pick stories that all understudies effortlessly get it. On the other hand, building up perusing educational modules in light of writing makes some extra work for the instructor. Books should be both a proper perusing level for most researchers and contain enough test to extend vocabulary and perception. Moreover, it might be hard to reuse similar writings a seemingly endle ss amount of time - stories or themes wind up plainly obsolete or less important to researchers lives. Educators may likewise need to pick a few books for every lesson to guarantee that all students have content to peruse that is proper for singular aptitudes. Case studies Case studies include the use of particular occurrence in the course carrying a research by considering another similar incident. The conclusions that were made in a particular case are applied similarly. Case studies contextual investigations are an imperative and helpful strategy for information gathering, particularly in instances of uncommon occurrences. It would be amazingly untrustworthy to go taking parts of people groups brains out just to influence a bigger example to size to utilize an alternate trial outline strategy. In any case, as information is gathered on new cases, it is essential to dependably allude back to past information keeping in mind the end goal to expand on existing learning and guarantee discoveries are as material to genuine as could reasonably be expected. Advantages and disadvantages Case studies enable a ton of detail to be gathered that would not typically be effectively gotten by other research outlines. The information gathered is typically a considerable measure wealthier and of more noteworthy profundity that can be found through other exploratory outlines. Through contextual analyses have a tendency to be directed on uncommon situations where vast examples of comparable members are not accessible. A good example of this is the investigation of Phineas Gage by Harlow, J.M. This illustration likewise interfaces with the point above with the profundity of information acquired. Instances of mental harm are very insignificant, and it is greatly uncommon to discover individuals with precisely the same of the cerebrum influenced. To have the capacity to pick up learning of cerebrum works the harm between individuals must be correct to guarantee you are trying the best thing, this should for the most part just be possible through contextual investigations. Inside the contextual investigation, logical examinations can be led. Also, contextual studies can enable experimenters to adjust thoughts and deliver novel speculations which can be utilized for later testing. One of the fundamental reactions regarding case studies is that the information gathered can't be summed up to the more extensive populace. This prompts information being gathered over longitudinal contextual investigations not continually being applicable or especially valuable. Some contextual analyses are not logical (Reeves, et al. 2008). Freud utilized contextual analyses for huge numbers of his hypotheses or studies. Such cases are that of Anna O and Little Hans (Chilisa, 2011). Both of these are not logical nor are they ready to be summed up. This can be ascribed to them being contextual analyses, yet additionally Freudian hypothesis all in all. Contextual analyses are for the most part on one individual, yet there additionally keeps an eye on just be one experimenter gathering the information. This can prompt predisposition in information gathering, which can impact comes about more than in various outlines. It is likewise tough to draw an unmistakable reason/impact from case studies. References Chilisa, B. (2011).Indigenous research methodologies. Sage Publications. Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E. (2003).How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Galliers, R. D., Land, F. F. (1987). Choosing appropriate information systems research methodologies.Communications of the ACM,30(11), 901-902. Harrington, K., Litosseliti, L., Sauntson, H., Sunderland, J. (2008).Gender and language research methodologies. Palgrave Macmillan. Jonassen, D. H. (Ed.). (2004).Handbook of research on educational communications and technology. Taylor Francis. Knowles, J. G., Cole, A. L. (2008).Handbook of the arts in qualitative research: Perspectives, methodologies, examples, and issues. Sage. Lassonde, C. A., Galman, S., Kosnik, C. M. (Eds.). (2009).Self-study research methodologies for teacher educators. SensePublishers. Libarkin, J. C., Brick, C. (2002). Research methodologies in science education: Visualization and the geosciences.Journal of Geoscience Education,50(4), 449-455. Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Leech, N. L. (2005). On becoming a pragmatic researcher: The importance of combining quantitative and qualitative research methodologies.International journal of social research methodology,8(5), 375-387. Reeves, S., Kuper, A., Hodges, B. D. (2008). Qualitative research methodologies: ethnography.BMJ: British Medical Journal,337. Will M. Bertrand, J., Fransoo, J. C. (2002). Operations management research methodologies using quantitative modeling.International Journal of Operations Production Management,22(2), 241-264. Zivkovic, J. (2012). Strengths and weaknesses of business research methodologies: Two disparate case studies.Business Studies Journal,4(2), 91-99.

Maya Public Ritual Arts

The main idea, which is being explored throughout the course of Inomata’s article, is that the functional purpose of plazas in ancient Mayan cities has been concerned with providing Maya’s rules with an opportunity to expose their subjects to public spectacles.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Maya Public Ritual Arts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In their turn, these spectacles served the purpose of endowing ancient Mayans with the sense of communal belonging – hence, contributing to the formation of collectively explored self-identity, on their part, â€Å"Large-scale theatrical events gave physical reality to a community and helped to ground unstable community identities† (Inomata 818). Given a rather unconventional sounding of this idea, it is not very surprising why the publication of Inomata’s article attracted a number of critical responses. According to Aoyama, Inomataà ¢â‚¬â„¢s line of argumentation can indeed be considered as such that represents a scientifically objective value, as the analysis of plazas’ holding capacities supports the validity of a suggestion that they could have been used for staging public performances. Aoyama explores the legitimacy of his point of view, in regards to the relevant empirical data, collected by archeologists in the Mayan cities of Aguateca and Copan. Becker, however, is challenging Inomata’s assumption. According to him, there is no rationale in believing that plazas served this specific purpose. This is because the amount of plazas’ open space may in fact be reflective of polities’ wealth, which in turn cannot be discussed as such that directly relates to the size of corresponding populations.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Becker also criticizes Inomata for his failure to consider the p ossibility that, as time went on, plazas’ ‘holding’ function might have undergone a qualitative transformation. Yet, it is specifically the fact that Inomata’s idea is based upon the assumption that Mayan polities have been unilaterally governed by ‘divine rulers’, which appears to have caused Becker to adopt a strongly critical stance towards his colleague’s line of argumentation. Mazariegos’s reaction to Inomata’s article can be referred to as being generally positive. After all, he does recognize the validity of Inomata’s idea that Mayan plazas are in fact theatrical spaces. At the same time, however, Mazariegos points out to the fact that there a number of more effective ways of endowing people with the sense of a shared identity, such as prompting them to participate in a warfare, â€Å"Opposition to outside enemies, the shared vicissitudes of military campaigns†¦ are likely to create shared identitiesâ⠂¬  (822). Nevertheless, Mazariegos does welcome Inomata’s article, as such that is being potentially capable of advancing our understanding of ancient Mayan civilization. Ruiz and Pavon’s response to Inomata’s article can also be defined as being generally positive. In it, they acknowledge that by publishing his article, Inomata was able to contribute immensely to our knowledge of ancient Mayan culture. At the same time, Ruiz and Pavon suggest that there are no good reasons to believe that the artistic depictions on stelaes are being necessarily concerned with theatrical performances.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Maya Public Ritual Arts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Partially, the validity of this suggestion can be illustrated in regards to the specifics of steales’ location, â€Å"The (Inomata’s) analysis links the presence of stelae with the largest plazas, but this link cannot be asserted categorically† (823). This appears to be the only critical remark in Ruiz and Pavon’s response. According to Clancy, the assumption that plazas in Mayan cities served theatricality-related functions is indeed being fully legitimate, â€Å"Ancient Maya plazas were surely places for performances choreographed by royal intentions† (823). At the same time, however, Clancy does not quite subscribe to the suggestion that it was solely ancient Mayans’ exposure to public performances, which used to endow them with the sense of a communal identity. Grube’s response to Inomata’s article can be defined as being enthusiastically supportive, â€Å"I strongly concur with Inomata’s conclusions† (824). According to Grube, the reason why Inomata’s idea can be considered thoroughly legitimate is that it correlates with our knowledge of how the rulers of Mayan polity-states used to go about exercising a political aut hority. Given the fact that, due to the absence of adequate technologies, Mayan rulers could not utilize any technical means for imposing their authority upon populations, they had no choice but to rely upon purely psychological ones. In this respect, staging public performances, on the part of Mayan rulers, would prove particularly effective. Even though that, while reflecting upon Inomata’s article, Isendahl did acknowledge its high discursive value, he nevertheless expressed his concerns as to whether Inomata’s utilization of the term ‘theatricality’ is being conceptually appropriate, â€Å"Theatricality is simply not the most appropriate analogy† (825).Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, Isendahl appears rather skeptical about Inomata’s assumption as to what accounted for the actual nature of centrifugal tendencies in ancient Mayan societies. According to Stuardo, Inomata can be well congratulated for having advanced our understanding of what might have accounted for the very principle of political centralization in ancient Mayan city-states. Nevertheless, it is specifically the fact that Inomata’s article allows the conceptualization of new methodological approaches to researching subject matters, concerned with ancient Mayan civilization, which Stuardo considers the most important aspect of this article. Looper’s response to Inomata’s article can also be defined as being highly supportive. Nevertheless, this response does contain a few critical remarks. For example, Looper points out to the fact that Inomata’s line of argumentation implies ancient Mayan societies having been rather secularized. However, this point of vi ew is being inconsistent with how the majority of historians and archeologists discuss the discursive implications of the factor of religion in these societies, â€Å"Theatrical metaphors and models risks secularizing ancient Maya performance† (826). According to Looper, however, this does not affect the overall legitimacy of Inomata’s article. According to Lucero, Inomata’s line of argumentation does deserve to be taken into consideration by mayanists. At the same time, Lucero suggests that in his article, Inomata downplayed the importance of a number of down-to-earth factors for ancient Mayans (especially rural dwellers) to be committed to participating in mass-gatherings. After all, one of the possible reasons why Mayan rural dwellers used to participate in these gatherings is that they were driven to do so by purely objective circumstances , â€Å"Rulers also fulfilled (people’s) material needs—specifically, water during the annual droughtâ₠¬  (827). The foremost of aspect of Newsome’s response to Inomata’s article is that this response stresses out the discursive importance how the author went about substantiating his line of argumentation. According to Newsome, it is not only that Inomata succeeded in revealing the actual mechanics of how Mayan rulers used to ensure the societal integrity of polities, but that he also succeeded in discovering a qualitatively new dimension to the very notion of ‘theatricality’. Therefore, the reading of Inomata’s article will prove utterly beneficial to just about anyone who strives to overcome the limitations of a number of euro-centric discursive conventions. In his response to Inomata’s article, Dorado criticizes the assumption that the staging of public spectacles should be considered a universally applicable tool of maintaining the social integrity of just about every hierarchically structured state. At the same time, however, Dorado expr esses his agreement with Inomata, as to the fact that plazas in ancient Mayan cities did in fact serve the function of accommodating crowds for a number of ritualistic purposes. According to Sanchez, Inomata’s hypothesis, in regards to the functional purpose of plazas, can indeed be defined as being logically and discursively coherent. At the same time, Sanchez suggests that this hypothesis is far from being considered as such that represents an undeniable truth-value, because as of today, the concerned subject matter remains relatively unexplored. Despite the fact that Tokovinine does admit that the author did contribute to our knowledge of ancient Mayan civilization, he also points out to an essentially speculative nature of many of Inomata’s conclusions. In particular, Tokovinine suggests that there is no well-grounded rationale in believing that the theatrical activities, depicted on Mayan murals, connote publicity. While replying to the earlier outlined responses, on the part of his critics, Inomata pointed out to the fact that, even though his interpretation of what should be considered Mayan plazas’ functional significance is far from being considered unchallengeable, it does help to explain how Mayan rulers were able to exercise an administrative control over their subjects. In addition, Inomata suggests that in many cases, responses’ critical overtones appear to reflect the fact that some of his arguments have been misinterpreted. I personally consider the line of Inomata’s argumentation logically coherent but somewhat speculative. This is because; the discussion of a significance of just about any public event through the conceptual lenses of a particular ‘performance theory’ becomes invariably affected by this theory’s discursive subtleties. Given the fact that there are strongly defined euro-centric undertones to how Inomata went about elaborating on the societal implications of public performa nces in ancient Mayan city-states, it is quite doubtful whether Inomata’s conclusions could be considered ideologically neutral. Bibliography Inomata, Takeshi. â€Å"Plazas, Performers, and Spectators: Political Theaters of the Classic Maya.† Current Anthropology 47.5 (2006): 805-842. Print. This essay on Maya Public Ritual Arts was written and submitted by user Izaiah R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What Types of NHS Application Essay Samples Can Help You?

What Types of NHS Application Essay Samples Can Help You?There are many different types of NHS application essays and each one is written differently. It is a type of essay that every person needs to write and everyone has a different writing style and nuances. Therefore, if you choose to look for NHS application essays online, you need to know what types of topics are allowed to be used.These samples can be found online and can be very useful for people that are applying for hospital jobs or for any other job that requires the use of your expertise and experience. So just remember that the Internet is full of such information so it is up to you to make sure that you have all the necessary information about any type of writing styles that are possible.You may find many different examples of NHS applications but it is also important to know which type of example is best for your situation. For example, a doctor may have some applications that are more formal while a nurse has some sam ple applications that are informal. It is best to know which is the best application essay sample that you can use.This is because some examples can help in helping in your application. Many people feel that they can use the examples and do not really give any form or substance to their application. However, a more formal essay can help and you want to know that would help.In addition, these samples also come with the specific help of an editor. Some of the sample documents can help you improve your writing and some can help you to think of different words that you can use to describe your situation and help with your interview.Some of the sample essays can also give you ideas on how to word your essay. They may not be written as formal as you would prefer them to be but they can still help you to understand the general nature of your application. So even though you may not be entirely satisfied with the sample, it can help you see your topic better.When you are searching for NHS ap plication samples, you should know that the most common types of writing include factual, analytical, creative, fiction, scientific, health-related, and others. Many of these samples are for students and are not appropriate for most job searches. However, they can be used to help you get information and gain information on how to write for various job positions.

Spanish Cell Phone and Social Media Abbreviations

Spanish Cell Phone and Social Media Abbreviations Do you want to send cellphone text messages to your Spanish-speaking friends? Or communicate with them on Facebook or other social media (known as medios sociales in Spanish)? Youll find it easy with this texting and social media abbreviation glossary. Sending messages in Spanish can pose a challenge in typing accented letters and Spanish punctuation, as the method isnt always intuitive and varies with the software. But that hasnt prevented cellphone chat - technically known in both English and Spanish as SMS (for Short Message Service) - from becoming useful for Spanish speakers worldwide. The term is common in Spanish, where SMS is pronounced as would be esemese. Phone Texting Abbreviations Cellphone abbreviations are far from standardized, but here are some of them you may come across or want to try using yourself. 100pre - siempre - alwaysa10 - adià ³s - goodbyea2 - adià ³s - goodbyeac - hace - (form of hacer)aki - aquà ­ - hereamr - amor - loveaora - ahora - nowasdc - al salir de clase - after classasias - gracias - thanksb - bien - well, goodbb - bebà © - babybbr - bbr - to drinkbs, bss - besos - kissesbye - adià ³s - goodbyeb7s - besitos - kissesc - sà ©, se - I know; (reflexive pronoun)cam - cmara - cameracdo - cuando -   whenchao, chau - adià ³s - goodbyed - de - from, ofd2 - dedos - fingersdcr - decir - to saydew, dw - adià ³s - goodbyedfcl - difà ­cil - difficultdim - dime - tell mednd - dà ³nde - whereems - hemos - We haveers - eres tà º - you are, are youers2 - eres tà º - are youexo - hecho - acteys - ellos - they inde - fin de semana - weekendfsta - fiesta - partygrrr - enfadado - angryhl - hasta luego - see you laterhla - hola - helloiwal - igual - equalk - que, quà © - that, whatkbza - cabeza - headkls - clase - classkm - como - as, likekntm - cuà ©ntame - tell meKO - estoy muerto - Im in big trouble.kyat - cllate - Shut up.m1ml - mndame un mensaje luego - Send me a message later.mim - misià ³n imposible - mission impossiblemsj - msnsaje - messagemxo - mucho - a lotnph - no puedo hablar - I cant talk now.npn - no pasa nada - nothings happeningpa - para, padre - for, fatherpco - poco - a littlepdt - pià ©rdete - get lostpf - por favor - pleasepls - por favor - pleasepq - porque, porquà © - because, whyq - que  - that, whatq acs? -  ¿Quà © haces? - What are you doing?qand, qando - cuando, cundo - whenqdms - quedamos - were stayingq plomo! -  ¡Quà © plomo! - What a drag!q qrs? -  ¿Quà © quieres? - What do you want?q risa! -  ¡Quà © risa! - What a laugh!q sea - quà © sea - whateverq tal? - quà © tal - Whats happening? salu2 - saludos - hello, goodbyesbs? -  ¿sabes? - Do you know?sms - mensaje - messagespro - espero - I hopet - te - you (as object pronoun)tas OK? -  ¿Ests bien? - Are you OK?tb - tambià ©n - alsotq - te quiero - I love youtqi - tengo que irme - I have to leaveuni - universidad - university, collegevns? -  ¿Vienes? - Are you coming?vos - vosotros - you (plural)wpa -  ¡Guapa! - Sweet!xdon - perdà ³n - sorryxfa - por favor - pleasexo - pero - butxq - porque, porquà © - because, whyymam, ymm - llmame - call mezzz - dormir - sleeping - ms - more:) - feliz, alegre - happy:( - triste - sado- - ms o menos - more or less- - menos - less:p - sacar lengua - tongue sticking out;) - guià ±o - wink Many of the messages using a q for que or quà © can also be expressed with a k, such as tki for tengo que irme. A few popular abbreviations for vulgar words arent included in this list. Social Media Abbreviations and Vocabulary Many of the abbreviations above are also commonly used in social media such as Facebook and Twitter. Here are some others that are commonly used: AHRE, ahre - (origin uncertain) - A word, especially common in Argentina, used to indicate that what has just been said should be understood ironically or as a joke, something like the way the winking symbol can be used ALV - a la verga - A common insult, cam be considered vulgar etiqueta - The word for label, preferred by some for hashtag mensaje directo, mensaje privado - Private message Vocabulary Related to Text Messaging Although its frowned on by purists and isnt in most dictionaries, the verb textear is often used as the equivalent of to text. It is conjugated as a regular verb. The noun form is a cognate, texto. Another verb derived from English is chatear, to chat. A text message is a mensaje de texto. To send such as message is enviar un mensaje de texto. Words for cellphone include telà ©fono celular or celular, more common in Latin America; and telà ©fono mà ³vil or mà ³vil, more common in Spain. A smartphone is a telà ©fono inteligente, although use of the English word, sometimes spelled esmartfà ³n, is frequent. A messaging app is an aplicacià ³n de mensajes or app de mensajes.