Maya Public Ritual Arts

The main idea, which is being explored throughout the course of Inomata’s article, is that the functional purpose of plazas in ancient Mayan cities has been concerned with providing Maya’s rules with an opportunity to expose their subjects to public spectacles.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Maya Public Ritual Arts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In their turn, these spectacles served the purpose of endowing ancient Mayans with the sense of communal belonging – hence, contributing to the formation of collectively explored self-identity, on their part, â€Å"Large-scale theatrical events gave physical reality to a community and helped to ground unstable community identities† (Inomata 818). Given a rather unconventional sounding of this idea, it is not very surprising why the publication of Inomata’s article attracted a number of critical responses. According to Aoyama, Inomataà ¢â‚¬â„¢s line of argumentation can indeed be considered as such that represents a scientifically objective value, as the analysis of plazas’ holding capacities supports the validity of a suggestion that they could have been used for staging public performances. Aoyama explores the legitimacy of his point of view, in regards to the relevant empirical data, collected by archeologists in the Mayan cities of Aguateca and Copan. Becker, however, is challenging Inomata’s assumption. According to him, there is no rationale in believing that plazas served this specific purpose. This is because the amount of plazas’ open space may in fact be reflective of polities’ wealth, which in turn cannot be discussed as such that directly relates to the size of corresponding populations.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Becker also criticizes Inomata for his failure to consider the p ossibility that, as time went on, plazas’ ‘holding’ function might have undergone a qualitative transformation. Yet, it is specifically the fact that Inomata’s idea is based upon the assumption that Mayan polities have been unilaterally governed by ‘divine rulers’, which appears to have caused Becker to adopt a strongly critical stance towards his colleague’s line of argumentation. Mazariegos’s reaction to Inomata’s article can be referred to as being generally positive. After all, he does recognize the validity of Inomata’s idea that Mayan plazas are in fact theatrical spaces. At the same time, however, Mazariegos points out to the fact that there a number of more effective ways of endowing people with the sense of a shared identity, such as prompting them to participate in a warfare, â€Å"Opposition to outside enemies, the shared vicissitudes of military campaigns†¦ are likely to create shared identitiesâ⠂¬  (822). Nevertheless, Mazariegos does welcome Inomata’s article, as such that is being potentially capable of advancing our understanding of ancient Mayan civilization. Ruiz and Pavon’s response to Inomata’s article can also be defined as being generally positive. In it, they acknowledge that by publishing his article, Inomata was able to contribute immensely to our knowledge of ancient Mayan culture. At the same time, Ruiz and Pavon suggest that there are no good reasons to believe that the artistic depictions on stelaes are being necessarily concerned with theatrical performances.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Maya Public Ritual Arts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Partially, the validity of this suggestion can be illustrated in regards to the specifics of steales’ location, â€Å"The (Inomata’s) analysis links the presence of stelae with the largest plazas, but this link cannot be asserted categorically† (823). This appears to be the only critical remark in Ruiz and Pavon’s response. According to Clancy, the assumption that plazas in Mayan cities served theatricality-related functions is indeed being fully legitimate, â€Å"Ancient Maya plazas were surely places for performances choreographed by royal intentions† (823). At the same time, however, Clancy does not quite subscribe to the suggestion that it was solely ancient Mayans’ exposure to public performances, which used to endow them with the sense of a communal identity. Grube’s response to Inomata’s article can be defined as being enthusiastically supportive, â€Å"I strongly concur with Inomata’s conclusions† (824). According to Grube, the reason why Inomata’s idea can be considered thoroughly legitimate is that it correlates with our knowledge of how the rulers of Mayan polity-states used to go about exercising a political aut hority. Given the fact that, due to the absence of adequate technologies, Mayan rulers could not utilize any technical means for imposing their authority upon populations, they had no choice but to rely upon purely psychological ones. In this respect, staging public performances, on the part of Mayan rulers, would prove particularly effective. Even though that, while reflecting upon Inomata’s article, Isendahl did acknowledge its high discursive value, he nevertheless expressed his concerns as to whether Inomata’s utilization of the term ‘theatricality’ is being conceptually appropriate, â€Å"Theatricality is simply not the most appropriate analogy† (825).Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, Isendahl appears rather skeptical about Inomata’s assumption as to what accounted for the actual nature of centrifugal tendencies in ancient Mayan societies. According to Stuardo, Inomata can be well congratulated for having advanced our understanding of what might have accounted for the very principle of political centralization in ancient Mayan city-states. Nevertheless, it is specifically the fact that Inomata’s article allows the conceptualization of new methodological approaches to researching subject matters, concerned with ancient Mayan civilization, which Stuardo considers the most important aspect of this article. Looper’s response to Inomata’s article can also be defined as being highly supportive. Nevertheless, this response does contain a few critical remarks. For example, Looper points out to the fact that Inomata’s line of argumentation implies ancient Mayan societies having been rather secularized. However, this point of vi ew is being inconsistent with how the majority of historians and archeologists discuss the discursive implications of the factor of religion in these societies, â€Å"Theatrical metaphors and models risks secularizing ancient Maya performance† (826). According to Looper, however, this does not affect the overall legitimacy of Inomata’s article. According to Lucero, Inomata’s line of argumentation does deserve to be taken into consideration by mayanists. At the same time, Lucero suggests that in his article, Inomata downplayed the importance of a number of down-to-earth factors for ancient Mayans (especially rural dwellers) to be committed to participating in mass-gatherings. After all, one of the possible reasons why Mayan rural dwellers used to participate in these gatherings is that they were driven to do so by purely objective circumstances , â€Å"Rulers also fulfilled (people’s) material needs—specifically, water during the annual droughtâ₠¬  (827). The foremost of aspect of Newsome’s response to Inomata’s article is that this response stresses out the discursive importance how the author went about substantiating his line of argumentation. According to Newsome, it is not only that Inomata succeeded in revealing the actual mechanics of how Mayan rulers used to ensure the societal integrity of polities, but that he also succeeded in discovering a qualitatively new dimension to the very notion of ‘theatricality’. Therefore, the reading of Inomata’s article will prove utterly beneficial to just about anyone who strives to overcome the limitations of a number of euro-centric discursive conventions. In his response to Inomata’s article, Dorado criticizes the assumption that the staging of public spectacles should be considered a universally applicable tool of maintaining the social integrity of just about every hierarchically structured state. At the same time, however, Dorado expr esses his agreement with Inomata, as to the fact that plazas in ancient Mayan cities did in fact serve the function of accommodating crowds for a number of ritualistic purposes. According to Sanchez, Inomata’s hypothesis, in regards to the functional purpose of plazas, can indeed be defined as being logically and discursively coherent. At the same time, Sanchez suggests that this hypothesis is far from being considered as such that represents an undeniable truth-value, because as of today, the concerned subject matter remains relatively unexplored. Despite the fact that Tokovinine does admit that the author did contribute to our knowledge of ancient Mayan civilization, he also points out to an essentially speculative nature of many of Inomata’s conclusions. In particular, Tokovinine suggests that there is no well-grounded rationale in believing that the theatrical activities, depicted on Mayan murals, connote publicity. While replying to the earlier outlined responses, on the part of his critics, Inomata pointed out to the fact that, even though his interpretation of what should be considered Mayan plazas’ functional significance is far from being considered unchallengeable, it does help to explain how Mayan rulers were able to exercise an administrative control over their subjects. In addition, Inomata suggests that in many cases, responses’ critical overtones appear to reflect the fact that some of his arguments have been misinterpreted. I personally consider the line of Inomata’s argumentation logically coherent but somewhat speculative. This is because; the discussion of a significance of just about any public event through the conceptual lenses of a particular ‘performance theory’ becomes invariably affected by this theory’s discursive subtleties. Given the fact that there are strongly defined euro-centric undertones to how Inomata went about elaborating on the societal implications of public performa nces in ancient Mayan city-states, it is quite doubtful whether Inomata’s conclusions could be considered ideologically neutral. Bibliography Inomata, Takeshi. â€Å"Plazas, Performers, and Spectators: Political Theaters of the Classic Maya.† Current Anthropology 47.5 (2006): 805-842. Print. This essay on Maya Public Ritual Arts was written and submitted by user Izaiah R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What Types of NHS Application Essay Samples Can Help You?

What Types of NHS Application Essay Samples Can Help You?There are many different types of NHS application essays and each one is written differently. It is a type of essay that every person needs to write and everyone has a different writing style and nuances. Therefore, if you choose to look for NHS application essays online, you need to know what types of topics are allowed to be used.These samples can be found online and can be very useful for people that are applying for hospital jobs or for any other job that requires the use of your expertise and experience. So just remember that the Internet is full of such information so it is up to you to make sure that you have all the necessary information about any type of writing styles that are possible.You may find many different examples of NHS applications but it is also important to know which type of example is best for your situation. For example, a doctor may have some applications that are more formal while a nurse has some sam ple applications that are informal. It is best to know which is the best application essay sample that you can use.This is because some examples can help in helping in your application. Many people feel that they can use the examples and do not really give any form or substance to their application. However, a more formal essay can help and you want to know that would help.In addition, these samples also come with the specific help of an editor. Some of the sample documents can help you improve your writing and some can help you to think of different words that you can use to describe your situation and help with your interview.Some of the sample essays can also give you ideas on how to word your essay. They may not be written as formal as you would prefer them to be but they can still help you to understand the general nature of your application. So even though you may not be entirely satisfied with the sample, it can help you see your topic better.When you are searching for NHS ap plication samples, you should know that the most common types of writing include factual, analytical, creative, fiction, scientific, health-related, and others. Many of these samples are for students and are not appropriate for most job searches. However, they can be used to help you get information and gain information on how to write for various job positions.

Spanish Cell Phone and Social Media Abbreviations

Spanish Cell Phone and Social Media Abbreviations Do you want to send cellphone text messages to your Spanish-speaking friends? Or communicate with them on Facebook or other social media (known as medios sociales in Spanish)? Youll find it easy with this texting and social media abbreviation glossary. Sending messages in Spanish can pose a challenge in typing accented letters and Spanish punctuation, as the method isnt always intuitive and varies with the software. But that hasnt prevented cellphone chat - technically known in both English and Spanish as SMS (for Short Message Service) - from becoming useful for Spanish speakers worldwide. The term is common in Spanish, where SMS is pronounced as would be esemese. Phone Texting Abbreviations Cellphone abbreviations are far from standardized, but here are some of them you may come across or want to try using yourself. 100pre - siempre - alwaysa10 - adià ³s - goodbyea2 - adià ³s - goodbyeac - hace - (form of hacer)aki - aquà ­ - hereamr - amor - loveaora - ahora - nowasdc - al salir de clase - after classasias - gracias - thanksb - bien - well, goodbb - bebà © - babybbr - bbr - to drinkbs, bss - besos - kissesbye - adià ³s - goodbyeb7s - besitos - kissesc - sà ©, se - I know; (reflexive pronoun)cam - cmara - cameracdo - cuando -   whenchao, chau - adià ³s - goodbyed - de - from, ofd2 - dedos - fingersdcr - decir - to saydew, dw - adià ³s - goodbyedfcl - difà ­cil - difficultdim - dime - tell mednd - dà ³nde - whereems - hemos - We haveers - eres tà º - you are, are youers2 - eres tà º - are youexo - hecho - acteys - ellos - they inde - fin de semana - weekendfsta - fiesta - partygrrr - enfadado - angryhl - hasta luego - see you laterhla - hola - helloiwal - igual - equalk - que, quà © - that, whatkbza - cabeza - headkls - clase - classkm - como - as, likekntm - cuà ©ntame - tell meKO - estoy muerto - Im in big trouble.kyat - cllate - Shut up.m1ml - mndame un mensaje luego - Send me a message later.mim - misià ³n imposible - mission impossiblemsj - msnsaje - messagemxo - mucho - a lotnph - no puedo hablar - I cant talk now.npn - no pasa nada - nothings happeningpa - para, padre - for, fatherpco - poco - a littlepdt - pià ©rdete - get lostpf - por favor - pleasepls - por favor - pleasepq - porque, porquà © - because, whyq - que  - that, whatq acs? -  ¿Quà © haces? - What are you doing?qand, qando - cuando, cundo - whenqdms - quedamos - were stayingq plomo! -  ¡Quà © plomo! - What a drag!q qrs? -  ¿Quà © quieres? - What do you want?q risa! -  ¡Quà © risa! - What a laugh!q sea - quà © sea - whateverq tal? - quà © tal - Whats happening? salu2 - saludos - hello, goodbyesbs? -  ¿sabes? - Do you know?sms - mensaje - messagespro - espero - I hopet - te - you (as object pronoun)tas OK? -  ¿Ests bien? - Are you OK?tb - tambià ©n - alsotq - te quiero - I love youtqi - tengo que irme - I have to leaveuni - universidad - university, collegevns? -  ¿Vienes? - Are you coming?vos - vosotros - you (plural)wpa -  ¡Guapa! - Sweet!xdon - perdà ³n - sorryxfa - por favor - pleasexo - pero - butxq - porque, porquà © - because, whyymam, ymm - llmame - call mezzz - dormir - sleeping - ms - more:) - feliz, alegre - happy:( - triste - sado- - ms o menos - more or less- - menos - less:p - sacar lengua - tongue sticking out;) - guià ±o - wink Many of the messages using a q for que or quà © can also be expressed with a k, such as tki for tengo que irme. A few popular abbreviations for vulgar words arent included in this list. Social Media Abbreviations and Vocabulary Many of the abbreviations above are also commonly used in social media such as Facebook and Twitter. Here are some others that are commonly used: AHRE, ahre - (origin uncertain) - A word, especially common in Argentina, used to indicate that what has just been said should be understood ironically or as a joke, something like the way the winking symbol can be used ALV - a la verga - A common insult, cam be considered vulgar etiqueta - The word for label, preferred by some for hashtag mensaje directo, mensaje privado - Private message Vocabulary Related to Text Messaging Although its frowned on by purists and isnt in most dictionaries, the verb textear is often used as the equivalent of to text. It is conjugated as a regular verb. The noun form is a cognate, texto. Another verb derived from English is chatear, to chat. A text message is a mensaje de texto. To send such as message is enviar un mensaje de texto. Words for cellphone include telà ©fono celular or celular, more common in Latin America; and telà ©fono mà ³vil or mà ³vil, more common in Spain. A smartphone is a telà ©fono inteligente, although use of the English word, sometimes spelled esmartfà ³n, is frequent. A messaging app is an aplicacià ³n de mensajes or app de mensajes.

OCcupational Health Assignment for a BSc degree programme

OCcupational Health for a BSc degree programme - Assignment Example They are meant to protect the identity and ensure the anonymity of the patient and the staff involved. This practice is being employed in accordance with clause 5 of the Code of Professional Conduct (2004) and the Department of Health’s Caldicott Committee Report (1997). I was asked to see an employee of the UK-wide Bakery service who had been off sick for a laceration on both her arms. The patient, Cynthia, was 32 years old, single, and living alone in a one bedroom apartment within the vicinity of the city’s commercial district. She had been working the night shift with the Bakery service for 5 years running and about 2 days prior to my visit, she reported to the HR that she was taking time off work for injuries she suffered when she fell through a glass door. She had lacerations on both her arms due to her accident. She was later taken to the hospital where she was stitched up and sent home. However, during my visit, she confided in me that she did not actually obtain the injuries from falling through a glass door. Instead, they were self-inflicted injuries and she did not inform the hospital that her injuries were self-inflicted. She said that she attempted to take her life because she had a dispute with a co-worker with whom she was havi ng a relationship. She also felt alone and depressed about her life and the direction that her life was taking. When I saw her, she was weepy, sad, and very glum. Her wounds were healing well, but I could see that she lost the general interest in life. She looked haggard and looked like she had not slept and eaten for days. I was concerned about her situation because she still had feelings of suicide. I managed to persuade her to confide in her HR. Between me and the HR, we were able to convince her to attend Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and to see a counsellor. At work, the HR and the manager decided to move her to the day shift in order to give her more interaction with other employees.

Entamoeba histolytica Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Entamoeba histolytica - Essay Example This disease spreads rapidly in highly populated places that lack the basic facilities of sanitation and hygiene and is thus more common in the still developing or under developed countries. Classification of any organism depends on its external and internal characteristics and taxonomy is a branch that deals with this classification. Cellular organisms can be classified into two groups- the eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The eukaryotes again can be divided into four basic types or kingdoms. As Sleigh (1991) frames it â€Å"Animalia or multicellular animals (Parazoa, Mesozoa and Metazoa), Plantae or green land plants (Bryophyta and Tracheophyta), Fungi ..and Protista, comprising eukaryote groups formerly classed as algae, protozoa and flagellate fungi†( Sleigh, 1991). The sub kingdom protozoa are not much in use nowadays. Protozoan refers to heterotrophic, unicellular and microscopic protists that can perform functions similar to that of multicellular animals and E. histolytica falls under this protozoan sub kingdom. Like any other Protista its cellular membranes are made of lipoprotein. Its order is amoebida as like any other amoeba it possesses pseudopodia and a f ree flowing cytoplasm that can move into any form of cellular projections often carrying the contractile and food vacuole into the projections. This parasitic protozoan forms a part of the genus entamoeba. The species name of histolytica refers to its highly pathogenic nature, histo-lytic or that which causes destruction of cells and tissues. Thus its taxonomic classification can be outlined as: E.histolytica is a single celled anaerobic eukaryote. However under the electron microscope it is seen that it lacks many of the cellular organelles that are present in other eukaryotic organisms. They lack the golgi bodies, the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria and the microtubules. It was

Consequences of Unethical Behavior Essay Example for Free

Consequences of Unethical Behavior Essay I had not heard of this until now, actually. Google paid their way out of CEO prosecution last year. Not only was their behavior unethical, and illegal, it was very socially irresponsible to the American people. Google was taking part in advertising narcotics and other prescription drugs for an illegal Canadian pharmacy on the American internet; making all of these drugs readily available to the American people. David Whitaker, a federal inmate and convicted con-artist became posed as an American government agent who went undercover to prove Google knew exactly what was going on. Google advertisement executives accepted the $200,000 worth of the government’s â€Å"set-up† money to begin advertising. Whitaker collected emails and recorded calls to prove that Google knew what they were doing were illegal. Even though it was obvious through the evidence to see that Google representatives knew that the advertisements were illegal, they extended Whitaker a â€Å"very generous credit line and allowed me to set my target advertising directly to American consumers. On August 24th, 2011, Google paid $500M dollars to pay their fines and avoid prosecution of their C. E. O. Larry Page. Through the emails and recordings, it is made obvious that Page knew exactly what was going on. Google was allowing illegal Canadian pharmacies to platform their ads on Google and target the American population. Google allowing American consumers to be targeted is absolutely outrageous. Google’s $500M fine covers the advertising costs and profits of the companies. The Department of Justice also has a â€Å"non-prosecution† agreement with Google. Now, what exactly is a â€Å"non-prosecution† agreement? To me, this all sounds like something illegal all the way around. How can a company, any company, buy their way out of prosecution? How can a C. E. O. not be classified as a drug peddler who well knows of what is going on within his company? How does this make him any different that Bernie Madoff or the Goldman Sachs C. E. O.? Google was allowing drugs to be sold through their network, period point blank; with the citizens of America being the target. How can a company buy their way out of prosecution? I just do not understand. If I was caught selling drugs, or giving people a platform to sell, I would be prosecuted to the fullest extent. Would I be able to buy my way out of prosecution? I absolutely would not! The American government would lock me away and take their sweet time about taking me to trial and finishing my case. Why was this not made more public? Now, it seems, Google is being looked into from every aspect, in which they should.

Historical roles of men and women in leadership Essay -- essays rese

While analyzing professions held by men verses those held by women through history, the concept of history that needs to be observed is a vast period of time. For if all or most of known history about humans is not taken into consideration, then much of present day analysis of leadership gender roles might actually start to make sense. The previous sentence was not an error in thought or printing. Much of modern analysis of gender perspectives in leadership and the roles of men and women seem to forget the thousands of years of history and the more recent, evolution of gender equality, which has taken place to get to where we are at present day. The key word is evolution; we are slowly but steadily evolving into a better and more efficient society through gender equality. The meaning better society is one that will optimally utilize its best resources, including people. The past and the ignorance reflected from parts of history are most often overcome with generations of thought and action. Genders in society maybe not are equal quite yet, but through diligent efforts and time, they will be. There is much history and time to overcome to achieve equality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typically, throughout history men have been the breadwinners in a family unit. Women in the past typically did more of the upkeep of the home and did not bring in an additional income. When they did bring an income, it was usually in some lesser complimentary role to the male. This situation holds true for married couples or single people. Different people throughout the world have many different histories. An example from Chinua Achebe’s novel that takes place within a tribe in Africa during the 1920s stating that a strong man will have many wives (Achebe 20). Ironically in this same novel, it is shown that women could hold a priestess position. Similarly on the other side of the globe in South Korea, the view of giving birth to a girl is somewhat less elation than that of having a boy. In the Korean culture, when a couple has a girl, it is looked upon as if the parents are raising the child for someone else; the baby girl’s future husband (Ahn par. 4) .So how can so many people that populate the earth all have similar histories that guided men towards certain roles and professions while guiding women towards others? To analyze the many histories of people, a person must look t... ...major religion’s beginnings at or around 2500 B.C., and to see the vast amount of time that has elapsed to get to the point at which we are at in today’s society, is a bit discomforting. To move though 4500 years and still not have gender equality is kind of surprising. One could take consolation in the fact that a great majority of this progression towards gender equity has occurred in the last 100 years. Things in society look as if we are on the right track now. Works Citied Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor Books, 1994 Ahn, Hyontok. The Korean-American Experience. Personal Experiences 10.2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (2003) 8 pars. 5 December 2003   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.KoreanWivesAssocoiation/PA.com. Klenke, Karin. Women and Leadership: A Contextual Perspective. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Springer Publishing Company, 1996. The Holy Bible. New International Version. Starting Point Study Bible. Grand   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2002. Thompson, J. & Thompson, W. Margaret Thatcher: Prime minister indomitable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Boulder, CO: Westveiw Press, 1994.