Politics Of The 1900 Essays - Sex Industry, Economic Ideologies

Governmental issues Of The 1900 The occasions that happen in Upton Sinclair's book ?The Jungle? were same things that individuals in the mid twentieth century needed to manage ordinary. For instance work was abused to the businesses advantage. Political debasement and prostitution were some central matters in the book. The most significant thought, the book bolsters communism over private enterprise as a monetary and social structure. These things are what they needed to experience and will be additionally clarified. The work power was abused to the businesses' advantages. The laborers didn't have any set wages. ?A not very many long periods of commonsense involvement with this place where there is high wages had been adequate to clarify to them the savage actuality that it was likewise a place that is known for significant expenses, and that in it poor people man was nearly as poor as in some other corner of the earth; thus there disappeared in a night all the awesome dreams of riches that had been frequenting Jurgis. What had made the revelation even more excruciating was that they were spending, at American costs, cash which they had earned at home paces of wages- - as were truly being cheated by the world!? There were risky working conditions that the laborers needed to endure for a long time the organization had no consideration of. . The injury was not one that Durham and Company could be considered answerable for, thus that was all there was to it, undoubtedly. Likewise was no professional stability, the laborers dread of being terminated whenever of the day. For instance, because of their overproduction in the mid year, the laborers had to close down in the winter making the laborers jobless when they need monetary help the most. Political defilement and prostitution were a few things that went on in the story. The government officials couldn't have cared less about anyone however themselves and the vote that they get. ?Whose issue was it that at the hours when workingmen were setting off to their work furthermore, back, the vehicles were packed to the point that the conductors couldn't gather all the passages? What's more, the organizations were criminals, individuals said- - had taken every one of their establishments with the assistance of scoundrelly government officials!? Additionally prostitution was a major issue too. Little youngsters who are simply attempting to endure or ladies who need to families need intends to help them were constrained into prostitution as a simple method of getting cash. ?Marriage and prostitution were different sides of one shield, the ruthless man's misuse of the sex delight.? ?On the off chance that she had no cash, she was a lowly, and sold herself for a presence.? The book likewise bolsters that communism over private enterprise as a financial and social structure. The book shows that the regular workers is least finish of society, yet on the off chance that the laborers can have any kind of effect. On the off chance that they arrange and battle the framework they will win their opportunity. ?When a Socialist was chosen for office he casted a ballot with old gathering officials for any measure that was probably going to be of help to the average workers, however he always remembered that these concessions, whatever they may be, were trifles contrasted and the extraordinary reason - the arranging of the common laborers for the insurgency.? These were a portion of the things that went during that time. It was a difficult time for the foreigners yet it worked out that these migrants were the ones that made this extraordinary nation America. Without them we wouldn't be at where at without them.

Option and Major Studios

Blade 4414 †Financial Management †Spring 2009 â€Å"Arundel† Case Assignment Due: March 23, 2009 Case: â€Å"Arundel Partners: The Sequel Project,† HBS, Case # 9-292-140, Revised 12/92. Primary Question: Is $2million per film a reasonable cost? Why or why not? Extra Questions 1. Give a concise review of the proposed adventure. Obviously portray the applicable course of events. 2. For what reason do the defenders of this endeavor accept that Arundel Partners can bring in cash purchasing film continuation rights? For what reason do they propose purchasing an arrangement of rights instead of arranging the price tag on a film-by-film premise? For what reason do they propose to buy the spin-off rights at t=0 (before the main film is discharged) instead of at t=1? 3. Expecting a markdown pace of 12% (chance free pace of 6% and a hazard premium of 6%) ascertain the NPV for all the continuations. Utilize the normal negative expenses and the normal incomes given in Table 7. 4. Utilizing the â€Å"decision-tree† approach, ascertain the per-film estimation of the continuation rights to the whole arrangement of 99 motion pictures discharged in 1989 by the six significant studios. . Accept that a limit of ten continuations can be made at whatever year. Utilizing a similar choice tree approach, what might you gauge to be the per-film estimation of the continuation rights to the whole arrangement of 99 motion pictures discharged in 1989 by the six significant studios? 6. Utilizing the Black-Scholes approach, compute the per-film estimation of the continuation rights to the whole arrangement of 99 motion pictures discharged in 1989 by the six significant studios. Accept by and by that there is no greatest to the quantity of spin-offs that can be made in a given year). You should give subtleties of how you assessed the contributions to the B-S equation. a. Resource esteem b. Exercise value c. Unpredictability of benefit brings d back. Time to development e. Hazard free rate HINT: Note that the opportunity to development of the choices is when vulnerability is settled not really when the spin-off is made. The advantage esteem is the thing that you will get on the off chance that you practiced the choice to make the continuation. Again utilize normal qualities for all the spin-offs. Also utilize the normal estimation of the expense to make the spin-offs at the activity cost. Evaluating standard deviation is somewhat trickier. Note that you don't have past data on comes back to every continuation of gauge unpredictability for a spin-off. Be that as it may, you have data on an arrangement of spin-offs and you know the profits to these spin-offs and you could utilize these to gauge a standard deviation dependent on a cross-segment of profits (DO NOT USE PRICE LEVELS). Additionally the standard deviation ought to be founded on each of the 99 continuations †that is it ought to be founded on the whole dispersion. 7. Do an affectability examination of the estimation of the alternative to the estimations of the hidden resource, practice cost, and instability. 8. What issues or differences would you expect Arundel and a significant studio to experience over the span of a relationship like the one portrayed for the situation? What legally binding terms and arrangements ought to Arundel demand?

Research and grow Aquilegia flabellata from a plug Paper

Furthermore, develop Aquilegia flabellata from a fitting - Research Paper Example Continuing further, Aquilegia flabellata is a lasting blooming plant of the family Ranunculaceae. Different assortments of the plant incorporate A. flabellata var. pumila and A. flabellata var. alba (Armitage 111). The species is a local of Japan; in the snow capped areas of Northern and Central Japan (Harper and McGourty 53). With respect to its development, it ought to be planted in a pot size of least 7 cm. Its full developed stature is 15-20cm. The plant has partitioned leaves and marginally glaucous. Aquilegia flabellata produces violet-blue, light blue, or lavender blossoms that are about 3cm in width. The botanical structures are housed in smooth white petals. Its fan-molded foliage is thicker and more extensive in contrast with different columbines. The sprouting time is late-winter or pre-fall. As refered to by Seedaholic, the plant’s blossoms are created above appealing fan-formed foliage. At the point when planted outside, the plant’s dividing is 30 cm. The seeds are planted in pre-fall and secured by 3 to 5 cm of soil. The plant can flourish in soggy soil, unbiased, basic or acidic soil conditions, and furthermore in typical, sandy or dirt soil. At the point when planted inside, the seed composts in the pot. The dirt temperature is kept at 15OC to 20OC. The seedlings can be transplanted into 7cm wide pots. Taking care of is fundamental both organicall and inorganically. Indeed, even in winter, their adjusted foliage is as yet appealing. Be that as it may, they show up progressively appealing whenever given a late-pre-winter hair style. After the blossoms have been created, the stalks can be cut off, leaving the leaves to accomplish their work. Aquilegia flabellata will in general cross-fertilize and hybridize, in this manner making new strains just as hues. The plant develops best in morning sun and evening conceal. Comparable to its life span, this Aquilegia flabellata tends to free essentialness following four or five years. Taking into account that Aquilega flabellata grows up to 20 cm long, the partner

Appropriate Consequences for Student Misbehavior

Suitable Consequences for Student Misbehavior Understudies will get rowdy in class. As educators, we probably won't have the option to stop all types of trouble making before they start. Be that as it may, we have unlimited oversight over our own responses to understudy social issues. Consequently, we should pick our reactions admirably, ensuring that they are proper and legitimate. The familiar maxim, the discipline must fit the wrongdoing, is particularly evident in a study hall setting. On the off chance that you pick something unreasonable, understudies will learn not exactly if your reaction straightforwardly identifies with the circumstance, or they may pass up significant data being instructed in class that day. Following are a progression of circumstances that have been decided to outline suitable reactions in your study hall to help build up conduct the executives. Note that these are by all account not the only proper reactions, yet rather picked to show the contrast among suitable and improper outcomes. An understudy utilizes a wireless for non-scholastic purposes. Suitable: Tell the understudy to put the telephone away.Inappropriate: Confiscate the cell phone.Explanation: A mobile phone arrangement ought to be plainly expressed in the understudy handbook and looked into with understudies at whatever point there is an infraction. Educators should record recurrent guilty parties so as to share that the understudy is occupied in class with guardians. Rules ought to be intended to address the issues of understudies while tending to educators’ concerns. A few areas permit instructors a decision to settle on the choice by plainly posting if understudies can utilize their gadgets. Data on the webiste Common Sense Media can assist instructors with making arrangements for gadget utilize that thinks about advanced citizenship and understudy security. In any case, computerized gadgets like mobile phones should possibly be utilized in class when there are explicit objectives as a primary concern, basic reasoning, cooperation, headway, and value. An understudy is late to class. Suitable - The understudy misses the day by day starter or do-now movement and could lose any focuses related with this activity.Inappropriate - The instructor overlooks the circumstance, and the understudy has no ramifications for their tardiness.Explanation - Tardiness is a serious deal, particularly whenever left unchecked. Educators ought to have a late arrangement set up to manage issue tardies. Having an every day do now or warm up is one approach to give understudies a prompt advantage for being to class on schedule. One note of alert, an understudy who is every now and again late could develop countless zeros for not finishing the warm-up action. For this situation, the warm-up action could be utilized for additional credit focuses. There is a differemce between reviewing for capacity and evaluating for conduct. An understudy doesn't acquire their schoolwork. Proper - Depending on the school approach, the understudy could lose focuses off their schoolwork task. The understudy could likewise get a lower rating in scholastic behavior.Inappropriate - An absence of schoolwork brings about the understudy bombing the class.Explanation - Homework is done outside of the control of the homeroom. Hence, numerous schools are choosing not to punish missing schoolwork. On the off chance that instructors grade just in-class or summative appraisals, at that point the evaluation precisely reflects what understudies know. In any case, monitoring schoolwork for culmination can be significant data to impart to guardians. National Education Association (NEA) proposes that all partners (educators, guardians, and understudies) cooperate in any push to set schoolwork arrangements. A page on the NEA site states: Arrangements should address the motivations behind schoolwork; sum and recurrence; school and educator obligations; understudy duties; and, the job of guardians or other people who help understudies with schoolwork. An understudy doesn't have materials (pen, calulator) required for class. Fitting - The instructor furnishes the understudy with a pen or pencil in return for guarantee. For instance, the educator may clutch one of the understudies shoes to guarantee that the pen or pencil is returned toward the finish of the class.Inappropriate - The understudy doesn't have materials and can't participate.Explanation - Students who can not complete any classwork without materials. Extrae quipment (number crunchers) orsupplies ought to be accessible in class. An understudy doesn't have their book in class. Proper - The understudy doesn't have a course reading during the exercise for the day.Inappropriate - The educator gives the understudy a reading material to use without comment.Explanation - If course books are required in your everyday study hall, it is significant for understudies to recall their writings. It is an uncommon circumstance where you have in excess of two or three additional course books in your group. On the off chance that understudies unintentionally take an additional book with them, you will have in all probability have lost that content until the end of time. An understudy doesn't lift their hand yet gets out answers. Proper - The educator doesn't react to the understudy who gets out and doesn't approach them.Inappropriate - The instructor permits people to reply without raising their hands.Explanation - Requiring understudies to lift their hands is a significant piece of hold up time and successful addressing procedures. On the off chance that you don't persistently maintain this standard, at that point understudies will no longer lift their hands in class. An understudy utilizes a revile word in class. Fitting - The educator criticizes the understudy saying, Do not utilize that language.Inappropriate - The instructor overlooks the revile word.Explanation - Profanity ought to have no spot in the study hall. In the event that you disregard it, understudies will observe and will keep on utilizing it in class. Note: Realize that if the obscenity was utilized against another person in the class, a type of tormenting or harrassment, the results ought to be more noteworthy than if a revile word just sneaks out. Record the occasion.

The Global Foundation of Independent Audit - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about The Global Foundation of Independent Audit. Answer: Presentation: The significant assessment of reviewing standard is chiefly led in the task, where ASA701 Communicating Key Audit Matters in the Independent Auditors Report is been assessed for TPG Telecom Limited. The significant yearly report of TPG Telecom Limiteddoes not consent to the ASA 701 norm, where the free inspector report doesn't hold any sort of Key Audit Matter. The pertinent appraisal of hazard from material error or critical hazard as per ASA 315 is likewise assessed for TPG Telecom Limited. This assessment could legitimately help in recognizing the measures that should be directed by the organization in its monetary report for permitting the financial specialist to comprehend the significant misquote. The Communication of Key Audit Matters was primarily led in yearly report of the association after the beginning of budgetary emergency, as organizations were not revealing all the significant information in their yearly report. With the usage of Key Audit Matter organizations were es sentially constrained by bookkeeping standard to follow the guideline for diminishing the event of next money related emergency. In addition, organizations are basically liable for uncovering the logical materials in key review report in the free inspectors report. This exposure is primarily directed by the standard referenced in ASA 701, which could delineate real money related condition to its partners. Investigation: The significant investigation of the yearly report could for the most part help in recognizing the material misquote, which could expand issues of the association. After the death of budgetary emergencies, specialists mostly distinguished issues in money related report of association, where all the applicable divulgence was not directed by organizations. This applicable issue in revelation for the most part prompted the usage of ASA 701, which is an exposure measure that should be imparted in the yearly report. Thusly, applicable divulgence of Key Audit Matters should be unveiled by the organization in their yearly report. The assessment of the yearly report of TPG Telecom Limited additionally helps in identifying connotation hazard with ASA 315, which could influence its tasks. Arens, Elder and Beasley (2014) referenced that with the assistance of material misquote important assessment of the issues, which could cause in future can be evaluated. Also, from the assessment of yearly r eport any sort of issues obstructing exercises of the organization can be evaluated, which may permit the financial specialists in distinguishing issues of the association. Then again, Basu (2016) reprimands that non-exposure of material misquote could in the end increment the untrustworthy proportions of the association. The assessment of yearly report of TPG Telecom Limited could in the long run help in portraying high hazard if material misquote as per ASA 315 are directed as follows. Evaluated regions of high danger of material misquote: After the assessment of TPG Telecom Limited yearly report no significant Key Audit Matter (KAM) is conveyed by the organization to its investors. This appropriately lessens consistence of the association with the ASA 701 in unveiling every single significant issue. The assessment of yearly report principally helps in delineating the exposure, which is been led by the organization. This could in the long run help in expressing the issues looked by the association, where the executive and free examiner portrays that there is no material misquote in yearly report of the association. The organization isn't following with the general ASA 701, which for the most part decreases reasonability of the yearly report delineated by the association. The significant exposure of Key Audit Matter (KAM) is likewise not being portrayed in the yearly report of the association. This predominantly demonstrate the absence of Auditing standard ASA 315 directed by the organization and the reviewer. Moreover, the utilization of ASA 315 could permit speculators of TPG Telecom Limited to distinguish the danger of material explanation present in the association. Bookkeeping approaches embraced by the organization essentially helps in delineating the genuine monetary place on of the association. Be that as it may, the non-portrayal of Key Audit Matters in the yearly report of TPG Telecom Limited basically shows the rebelliousness of ASA 701 directed by the association. Additionally, there has been prominent embarrassments led by organizations where examiners have unscrupulously spoken to money related quality of the organization, which straightforwardly questions noteworthiness of the autonomous evaluators report without Key Audit Report. The reviewers of TPG Telecom need to comprehend the business chance, where distinguishing proof of material misquote is basic to be directed. The business condition chance, firms activity hazard, business substance chance and different types of hazard should be assessed by evaluators before assessing the review technique. The assessment of approach utilized by association, for example, top down methodology c ould likewise build the opportunity of material error, as workers have nothing to do with the choices directed by association. Accordingly, understanding the business hazard, which could change over into review chance should be assessed by the association. Cao, Chychyla and Stewart (2015) expressed that evaluators need to assess all the business procedure of the association to comprehend the genuine hazard, which could emerge material error. The utilization of ASA 701 was for the most part actualized after the finishing of money related emergency, which was begun in 2007. The emergency chiefly permitted review Assurance load up to distinguish exploitative measures led by association and autonomous review organizations while figuring the monetary report. This deceptive measure in setting up the monetary report as for the most part depicted wrong money related quality of the association, which expanded offer worth and permitted organizations to hold progressively capital from the market. Nonetheless, during the money related emergency all the organizations utilizing deceptive measure for the most part fallen and no purchasers were available for their offers. This straightforwardly declined monetary strength of the capital market and economy of different nations all around the globe. Consequently, it could be comprehended that the execution of ASA 701 is for the most part a measure taken by the review Assurance board for le ssening any sort of dishonest ways utilized by associations. Chandler (2014) expressed that organizations utilized their obligations as pay in their money related report to conceal their indebtedness condition from financial specialists. The ASA 701 was primarily a measure for halting the organization to utilize exploitative measures in setting up their yearly report and increment straightforwardness in depicting their real monetary condition. Noteworthy hazard recognized as per ASA: Also, to the non-portrayal of Key Audit Matters the organization has no material error, which was recognized by the autonomous review report. Be that as it may, as indicated by the review standard ASA 315 directed by inspecting and affirmation standard board, inspectors with the standard will have the option to recognisees danger of material misquote present in companys money related books. In addition, the ASA deciding states that inspectors need to assess business condition, inside control, and outside hazard, which could emerge material error of the association. ASA 315 legitimately demonstrates that inspectors need to utilize the rule delineated in passages from A9 t A11 and A27 to A30. This could straightforwardly help reviewers in distinguishing the material misquote, which could expand review chance. This applicable assessment could likewise permit the evaluators in distinguishing cheats, which could be directed by organizations in expanding their accounting report. In this un ique situation, Cohen and Simnett (2014) referenced that inspectors because of the measures delineated in ASA standard can recognize fakes, which could be led by organizations in setting up their yearly report. Then again, Earley et al. (2016) contended that free reviewers are impacted by the board to utilize dishonest measures in their review report for blowing up monetary execution of the organization. Nonetheless, the current monetary report of TPG Telecom Limited doesn't consent to the ASA 315 norm, as there is no material misquote that is distinguished by examiners. Likewise, the evaluators need to follow ASA 315 section A105 to A108, which empowers them to recognize danger of material error that is available inside activities of the association. In addition, the assessment could likewise help in declaring various degrees of differing exchange classes while distinguishing execution of review process. The reviewers are for the most part ready to identify money related dangers, while examining monetary report of the association to recognize material error ruining their budgetary strength. Roughage, Knechel and Willekens (2014) expressed that examiners by actualizing review methodology can identify budgetary feasibility of companys yearly report. Research-degree and application: The TPG Telecom Limited yearly report doesn't follow ASA standard, which is required by each association. This resistance of setting up the key review matters could legitimately expand review danger of the association. This applicable review hazard could be related to the assistance of review methods, which should be trailed by examiners. The Railways systems should be trailed by evaluators to assess and investigate chance associated with tasks of the association. Right off the bat, the ID of hazard relating business goals depicted in the budgetary report should be assessed by the evaluator. This assessment could in the end help in distinguishing the material misquote, which could portray wrong budget report of the association. Besides the inspectors need to rough the significance of hazard to the administration of the organization, who needs to agree to guidelines set somewhere around Audit Assurance Board. What's more, the li

Comparing Female Figures in Samson Agonistes and The Aeneid - Literature Essay Samples

In the political hierarchy depicted by Milton and Virgil, power rightly belongs in the hands of a man, not a woman. During the times when men are the sole leaders of the nation, a womans possession of power and influence is viewed as unnatural and dangerous to the well-being of a nation. Women, as portrayed in Miltons Samson Agonistes and Virgils The Aeneid are regarded as temptresses, deceitful creatures cunning in their ways to beguile men. Miltons text quotes, Therefore Gods universal Law / Gave to the man despotic power / Over his female in due awe (SA 1053-5). By exposing womens vulnerability to their whims and irrational passions, Milton and Virgil represent their female figures as a source of mans destruction and as wicked temptations that man must resist in order to build an uncorrupt and great nation.Dalila is the epitome of the deceitful woman in Samson Agonistes, as she abets the downfall of the texts hero, her husband Samson. Samson introduces her asA deceitful Concubine who shore meLike a tame Wether, all my precious fleece,Then turnd me out ridiculous, despoild,Shavn, and disarmd among my enemies. (537-40)In this metaphor, Samson is a helpless lamb subject to the mercilessness of Dalila, who strips Samson of his strength and feeds him to his enemies once she learns his secret. As a consequence, Israel remains oppressed by the Philistines while Samson is captive under the Philistines because of Dalila. For this betrayal, Dalila earns the vindictive epithets, specious monster and poisnous bosom snake. A womans abuse of her power over a man in his hour of weakness is mirrored in Dalila as she is shown taking advantage of Samsons loss of his strength. Once a woman makes a man succumb to her, she feels empowered to try her tricks again. Evidence to this claim is Dalilas cunning strategies to once again bewitch Samson. Dalila appeals to Samson as she persistently tempts him with different excuses. First, she attempts to neutralize her sins by highlighti ng Samsons weakness as the main cause for his current abject state. As a rhetorical question, she asks him, Was it not weakness also to make knownWherein consisted all thy strength and safety? (778-80), and follows with, To what I did thou showdst me first the way (781) as an indirect accusation of Samson. On this ground, Dalila tries to equalize herself with Samson, showing that they both acted on their own weaknesses. Playing different roles also allows Dalila to weave her tricks into Samson. She plays the vulnerable wife needy for her husband when she explains that her reason for stripping Samson of his strength was to prevent him from leaving her as he left his first wife at Timna. When that excuse fails, Dalila then plays the virtuous woman doing her duty to her people and to Dagon. She justifies her betrayal as a rescue mission to save her people from the dishonourer of Dagon (861), for Samson slaughtered thousands of Philistine men. An attempted role reversal occurs as Dalila makes Samson the oppressor and attempts to act as the liberator, for she preaches, to the public good / Private respects must yield (867-8). Finally, she plays the caring wife, whose conjugal affection (739) prompts her to call him again to her. This final temptation, however, Samson resists, for he is more perceptive now than before of her tactics: How cunningly the sorceress displays / Her own transgressions, to upbraid me mine! (819-20). Despite the numerous temptations that a woman like Dalila presents, it is the duty of a man like Samson to obstinately see through the multiplicity of her guiles and avoid her traps.Through Samsons constant resistance of Dalila, Milton proves that man gains true freedom once he thwarts womans spell-binding oppressions. To be ruled by a woman, as represented in the text, is a sign of weakness and a result of womans tricks. To support this claim, the chorus tells Samson, Tax not divine disposal, wisest Men / Have errd, and by bad Women been deceiv ed; / And shall again, pretend they neer so wise (210-3). The text further emphasizes the degraded state of man under a womans power by comparing Samsons previous glory with his current bondage. Referring to the days before Samsons marriage to Dalila, the chorus describes Samson as That heroic, that Renownd / Irresistible Samson? whom unarmd / No strength of man, or fiercest wild beast could withstand (125-7). Now, Samson resides in an extremely opposite state; he is the slave of his enemies, the Philistines, Dalilas people, for he previously could not escape Dalilas spells: But foul effeminacy held me yoked / Her bond-slave (410-1). Samson admits this as a weakness when he accepts responsibility for the outcome of his actions. He concedes, Of what I now sufferShe was not the prime cause, but I myself,Who vanquishd with a peal of words (O weakness!)Gave up my fort of silence to a Woman. (233-6)But when the chorus blames Dalila instead and calls this her stain not his (325), the text broaches the concept of original sin. Because Eves consumption of the forbidden fruit consequently cursed women to bear the original sin, the blame is wholly bestowed upon Dalila. The text uses Dalila to symbolize women as tools of destruction. Upon Dalilas entrance, the chorus exclaims, But who is this, what thing of Sea or Land? / Female of sex it seems (710-1). By describing Dalila as an excessively adorned ship, this metaphor presents the landing ship as a symbol of the states destruction. She is dressed ornately as if for war, With all her bravery on, and tackle trim (717), and her Amber scent of odorous perfume (720) conceal the stench of her crime-ridden trail. Characterizing this ship as female implies womans natural tendency to bear destruction like she does children. Pronouns in the metaphor calling Dalila a thing and it are derogatory and convey the texts negative view of the female sex. Samson also categorizes Dalila with all women as untrue when he snaps, Out, out Hyae na; these are thy wonted arts, / And arts of every woman false like thee, / To break all faith, all vows, deceive, betray (738-50). Samson further attests to the claim that womans purpose on earth is to destroy man by stating, God sent her to debase me (999). This defies the Biblical teaching, Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands (King James Bible, 1 Pet. 3.1), which stresses that a good wife is gentle, submissive, and respectful to her husband. The Bible also teaches husbands to give honour unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel (King James Bible, 1 Pet. 3.7), and thus acknowledges women as the weaker sex. Women who strive to defy this hierarchy are thus portrayed as created to naturally deceive and to destroy.The Aeneid exhibits a similar view by demonstrating the tendency of its female characters to hinder the male protagonist, Aeneas, from reaching Latium to establish the destined future walls of Rome. Juno is one of Aeneass main obstacles in his path to f ollow his fate. Her hatred towards the Trojans combined with her powers as a goddess allow her to continually delay Aeneas. She requests Aeolus to send the winds to scatter the crew of Aeneas along the sea and she sends Allecto to incite war between the Trojans and the Latins. Allecto also exemplifies the destructive female; she is a creature from Hell hated by her father and her sisters, for she is associated with malice. Juno summons her for this main reason, You have the power: when brothers love each other / You know the way to arm them, set them fighting (Book VII, 352-3). Queen Amatas infection by Allecto spurs her to a mad frenzy, in which she rounds the Latin women against Lavinias fated betrothal to Aeneas. Here, Queen Amata transforms into a wild beast, her eyes are stained and bloodshot (Book VII, 426), and now the women praise Mars instead of Bacchus. These actions, all involving female figures, prevent Aeneas from attaining his destiny with ease.Throughout The Aeneid, t here lies the motif in which a woman is the cause of war. In addition to the supernatural aids of war by such figures as Juno, The Aeneid mentions women who, although they did not actively assist in fanning the flames of war, are fated to cause destruction. Lavinia, for example, would be glorious, / They said, in fame and fortune, but the people / were doomed, on her account, to war (Book VII, 75-7). This likens Lavinia to Helen, who was the cause of the Trojan War. Though Lavinia and Helen can be considered as innocent bystanders, they symbolize the traps that man can fall into when he is not careful in his involvement with a woman.A key female figure is Dido, who represents the temptress, the female threat to Aeneass destiny, and the unfortunate leader overcome by a dangerous irrational passion. Book I introduces Dido as a powerful, strong woman through the Homeric simile that compares her to the goddess Diana. She came to the temple / With a great train, all majesty, all beauty, / As . . . Diana leads her bands of dancers (521-5). The Aeneid begins its depiction of Dido as a just leader: She took her throne, a giver of law and justice, / A fair partitioner of toil and duty (Book I, 523-4). Yet through a close inspection of the line narrating when the Tyrians Went sailing, with a woman for a captain (Book I, 380), we sense a condescending voice. The addition of with a woman for a captain to the statement adds a sense of uneasiness, as if it is unusual for a woman to lead, and therefore this is a detail which must not be omitted. This reveals the doubts that people held against women in power. Book IV then transforms Dido into one consumed by the fire of irrational passion for Aeneas, the fire that is synonymous with the fire of war and destruction. The beginning of Book IV is rife with images of fire, such as Didos burning heart and the flame of passion. Fire destroys Didos rationale and her ability to think clearly, just as the fires of war ravage towns, ca using great nations to crumble to ashes. Similarly, Dido poses a threat to the building of the Roman Empire as she tempts and begs Aeneas to stay with her. The wounded deer and Maenad similes convey Didos vulnerability, as a woman, to these dangerous passions, for Dido is unconcerned with fame, with reputation. / With how it [marriage] seems to others (Book IV, 165-6). Mercury must appear to Aeneas twice to remind him to leave. He warns, Shove off, be gone! A shifty, fickle object / is woman, always (601-2). Unlike Dido, Aeneas is made to yield not to his whims, but to Fate. Pius Aeneas, the fundamental epithet in the Latin text of The Aeneid, portrays loyalty, beauty, duty, and obedience to destiny. This is evident in Aeneass yielding to fate at the end of Book II where he declares, I gave it up (816). Aeneas must be obstinate in his path, no matter what the cost, in order to build a great empire. When Dido appeals to him, Jupiter deliberately implants adamancy in the will of Aenea s. And still the gods give orders, he obeys them (Book IV, 423). Aeneas and King Latinus are described by the similes of a deep-rooted tree and a steadfast sea-rock, respectively, for both must be unmoving amidst the crisis and madness that overcomes the women. The gods make the kingly figures in the text hard, contrary to the fickleness and susceptibility intended for the female figures.Although women are portrayed as the inferior sex, they play key roles in the development of the plots and of the heroes of the texts. They serve as obstacles to the success of the male protagonists through their use of any power allotted to them. The disorder that arises when women attempt dominion is evident in the actions of Dalila, Juno, and Dido; they exemplify the cause of a disrupted hierarchy of male dominance. Dalilas exposure of Samsons weakness, Junos fate-delaying tactics, and Didos tempting offers all test the strengths and values of men. By creating a victory out of resisting womans te mptations for the male protagonists, Samson Agonistes and The Aeneid depict women as forces that must not be in control, but rather forces that must be controlled.

Mendasculinity Keeping Up Male Appearances with Big Daddy, Goober, and Brick - Literature Essay Samples

The men of the Pollitt family suffer a great deal throughout Cat On A Hot Tin Roof by Tennessee Williams, but they would rather die than let anyone know of their pains. This disastrous trait was established in them as children, by the men who raised them, teaching the characters, as most in the society and age Williams writes of were taught, that they must save face, must present themselves to society as men of steel, men of strength, men who could not be touched. This concept of hypermasculinity forces Brick, Gooper, and Big Daddy to never ask for help, never let those who love them know of their feelings, their desires, or their ailments. Hypermasculinity forces the men of the play to not accept their pain, and consequently self medicate in order to be free of their hurt. Through the use of alcohol, reckless obedience, and a combination of denial and morphine, the men of this tale find ways to numb themselves to the realities they live in, they, out of necessity, fall into the act of mendacity. The most obvious form of self medication is seen in the use of alcohol by Brick. The sound of ice being dropped into a glass is a near constant soundtrack to the play, the smell of Echo Springs wafts through every page. Brick becomes an alcoholic after the death of his dear friend and companion Skipper, and he now cannot be at peace until he drinks enough to have his â€Å"click† in his head, â€Å"This click I get in my head that makes me peaceful, I got to drink till I get it. It’s just a mechanical thing, something like a switch clicking off in my head, turning the hot light off and the cool night on and all of a sudden there’s-peace!†(Williams, 84) . This click permits Brick to be utterly numb, to not think of his guilt or to feel the disgust he feels every other moment of every day since he lost Skipper. Things at the Pollitt house go sour when Big Daddy forces Brick to confront why he drinks, why he can only find peace after several glasses of Echo Spring. Originally Brick claims he does not know, his sense of pride and his masculinity force him to deny any issue even exists, much less provide a reason for the alleged issue. Eventually, out of desire for a drink, he claims disgust is the reason he drinks, and while this has a semblance of truth to it, he states that he feels disgust towards an outward force, towards mendacity (â€Å"Lying and liars† (Williams, 92)), instead of admitting and accepting that the person he is truly disgusted by is himself, and his actions. It is ironic that Brick uses that which he claims to hate, lying, in order to protect himself and his sense of pride, his masculinity. It takes Big Daddy a long time to break down the wall separating Brick’s emotions from the rest of the world, a wall built at a very early age out of need to be as distan t and untouchable as he thought Big Daddy was. But when Big Daddy finally breaches Brick’s wall, he releases a flood. â€Å"I’m ashamed, Big Daddy, that’s why I’m drunk. When I’m drunk, I can stand myself.†(Wlliams, 116) Brick’s emotions, which have been bottled up for long, feelings towards Big Daddy, towards Skipper, and especially towards himself, rush out in waves that crash into that cold bedroom that is the only set in the play. The truth about Skipper, Brick’s guilt and disgust over what he’d done, or rather what he didn’t do, and his rejection of Maggie, all come pouring out of Brick, so catastrophically so that Maggie enters the room, asking, â€Å"Why is everybody yelling about the truth?!†(Williams, 121). All of Brick’s emotions are legitimate, and could have been felt and then understood and accepted if they had been properly talked through, if he had sought solace, embraced the love those around him felt for him, but the hypermasculinity inside him and the other male characters caused Brick to hide his feelings, to run from those who loved him, to only feel when he was drunk and pushed up against a wall, to seek comfort from the bottom of a bottle. Brick’s true emotions showed when he could not find his click, when his self prescribed remedy failed him, and afterwards he was a better man for it, but still he would rather die than admit to that. In contrast to hs drunk, disobedient, and beloved brother, there is Gooper Pollitt. Gooper is the archetypal â€Å"Man’s man† in this story, with his white collar job, his loving and almost disturbingly fertile wife, and his myriad of â€Å"talented† children, who love their mother, father, and grandparent dearly (if not so much their aunt and uncle). But while he seems to have it all, Gooper suffers just as much as his other family members, for there is still one thing Gooper does not have and desperately desires, Big Daddy’s love and approval. Gooper numbs the pain caused by Big Daddy’s lack of love by doing everything Big Daddy asks of him. â€Å" Big Daddy wanted me to become a lawyer. I became a lawyer. He said to get married, I got married. He said to have kids, I had kids. He said to live in Memphis, I lived in Memphis. Whatever he said to do, I did.† (Williams, 136) He lives in reckless obedience, doing all that his father suggests, being the hypermasculine man he was told to be, without a thought of what he wants from life. But this still does not grant him his satisfaction, he still feels anger towards Brick for being the favorite, despair and confusion towards the lack of pride in Big Daddys eyes when he sees all Gooper has done, has become, for him. Again irony is present, because it is due to Gooper doing everything Big Daddy tells him to that Big Daddy favors Brick, the rule breaker, the independent man. Gooper hides his pain behind his five children and successful career, but he, like all the cha racters in the play, uses mendacity as a shield to hide behind too, as he claims, â€Å"I dont give a goddamn if Big Daddy likes me or dont like me or did or never did or will or will never!†(Williams, 140). Gooper’s form of self medication is far more subtle than Brick’s, alcohol is easier to see than intentions and plans, but just as present, and more tragic, because Gooper never gets the release, the acceptance, that Brick received, he probably continued to live on in his unsatisfying life with his unsatisfying wife after the final curtain closed, living his life of reckless obedience, telling himself his father would one day be proud, but knowing in his hearts of hearts the mendacity of that statement. And throughout all these struggles with identity, throughout all the fear over pride and masculine images and hidden emotions and intentions, stands Big Daddy. The boy who created a name for himself, who used to not have a dollar to his name but now owns â€Å"twenty-eight thousand of the richest acre this side of the Valley Nile†(Williams, 184). This man, who his children looked up to as an inspiration for their hyper masculine views, has been able to be this way for so long because of mendacity, money, and straight denial. Gooper and Brick learned from a master how to hide behind mendacity. Big Daddy is able to maintain his image by faking near everything he does, for the sake of appearances. â€Å" Having for instance to act like I care for Big Mama!Pretend to love that son of a bitch Gooper and his wife Mae and those five screechers out there Church!-it bores the bejesus out of me but I go! Clubs!-Elks! Masons! Rotary!-crap!† (Williams, 94) Big Daddy hides who he is and his real emotions behind this manly exterior, created out of lies and a need to be at the top of his society. Another way Big Daddy numbs himself is through his extravagant use of money. Instead of ever showing love or care for his two boys, he throws gifts and money at them. And while they do grow up never wanting for anything physical, both grow up willing to live without a penny from Big Daddy if only he would show them love. Big Daddy never has to confess any of his emotions if it looks as if he has none, but he still feels an instinctive need to provide for his sons, to give them what he never had, riches and things, but a distant, seemingly loveless, masculine man as a father. Finally, when money and lies cannot hide the truth, Big Daddy simply refuses to accept the reality of his situation. He denied the existence of Brick’s alcoholism for quite some time, as well as his feelings towards most of his family, but most importantly, he denied that which he was feeling on the inside, physically, Big Daddy is dying of cancer, but hides his fear of death behind the shaky notion that his condition is merely a spastic colon, despite the pain wracking through his whole body. Big Daddy is so desperate to seem strong, to live a long, hard working life as a man should, that he rejects his own body’s signals, rejects what doctors and his gut are telling him, and claims he is perfectly fine. As Maggie put it, â€Å"Nobody says ‘You’re dying’ You have to fool them. They have to fool themselves.†(Wiliams, 12) Brick, Gooper, Big Daddy, all men of the same family, all men who value masculinity and outward appearance above all else, all men who have to find ways to numb themselves to simply live their lives. The hypermasculine image all these men desire causes them to suppress their true emotions, and therefore live lives they are unhappy with, lives full of self prescribed remedies that dont heal their maladies, merely hide them from view. But on Big Daddy’ birthday, all of their raw and suppressed emotions came rising up, and they saw the light of day for the first time. Expressing their emotions led to understanding between these three family members, and they became better men for it. Perhaps the Pollitt family can now live a life free of mendacity, for as they all well know, â€Å"There is nothing more powerful than the smell of mendacity.†(Williams, 187) Works Cited Williams, Tennessee. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. The Bedford Introduction to Drama, 3rd Ed. Jacobus, Lee A. Bedford Books. Boston, MA. 1997.